Sources from Legends 89

  1. Abdelkhalek, Taha. “The Terror of Aïcha Kandisha: A Moroccan Horror Legend.” Medium. 5/9/2023. https://medium.com/@tahaabdelkhalek16/the-terror-of-a%C3%AFcha-kandisha-a-moroccan-horror-legend-8b09f409f48f.

  2. “Aicha Kandicha: A Myth or a Reality?” MyTindy.com. 11/3/2021. https://mytindy.com/blogs/mytindy-blog/halloween-special%f0%9f%8e%83-aicha-kandicha-a-myth-or-a-reality.

  3. “Aicha Kandicha, From Resistance to Myth.” Moorish Times. 10/24/2020. https://moorishtimes.com/en/articles/aicha-kandicha.

  4. “Aïcha Kandicha Jinia.” USC Digital Folklore Archives. n.d. https://folklore.usc.edu/aicha-kandicha-jinia/.

  5. “Al Karisi—Al Basti.” Türk Mitolojisi. 8/8/2010. https://turk-mitolojisi.blogspot.com/search/label/al%20kar%C4%B1s%C4%B1%20-%20al%20bast%C4%B1.

  6. Anderson, Dale. “Coatlicue (deity).” EBSCO. 2022. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/religion-and-philosophy/coatlicue-deity.

  7. Asatrian, Garnik. “Āl Reconsidered.” Iran & the Caucasus, Vol. 5, 2001, pp.149-156. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4030855.

  8. Best, Elsdon. “Maori Personifications. Anthropogeny, Solar Myths and Phallic Symbolism: As Exemplified in the Demiurgic Concepts of Tane and Tiki. (Continued).” The Journal of the Polynesian Society. Vol. 32, No. 3 (127), 1923, pp.103-120. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20701925.

  9. Botchkareva, Maria. Yashka: My Life as Peasant, Exile, and Soldier. London: Constable and Company Limited, 1919.

  10. Browne, Edward Granville. A Year Amongst the Persians. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1893. https://archive.org/details/32882019068736-ayearamongstthe/mode/2up.

  11. Cartwright, Mark. “Coatlicue.” World History Encyclopedia. 11/28/2013. https://www.worldhistory.org/Coatlicue/#:~:text=Coatlicue%20(pron.,Aztec%20god%20of%20war%20Huitzilopochtli..

  12. Cobanoglu, Özkul. “The Owner of the Place and Waterspirits in the Turkish Culture in the Context of Continuities and Change.” Shota Meskhia State Teaching University of Zugdidi Annual Scientific Work. 2015, pp.126-129. https://zssu.ge/sites/default/files/page/Book%20of%20Scientific%20Works_0.pdf#page=126.

  13. De Sahagún, Bernardino. Florentine Codex: The General History of the Things of New Spain. Book 3—The Origin of the Gods. Santa Fe: The School of American Research and The University of Utah, 1978, pp.1-5. Digital. https://archive.org/details/volume-11-book-11-earthly-things-florentine-codex-general-history-of-the-things-of-new-spain/Volume%204%2C%20Book%203%20-%20The%20Origins%20of%20the%20Gods%20-%20%5BFlorentine%20Codex%20General%20History%20of%20the%20Things%20of%20New%20Spain%5D/page/n7/mode/2up.

  14. Ferre, Lux. “Al Karisi.” Occult World. 7/25/2017. https://occult-world.com/al-karisi/.

  15. Galt, Rosalind. “Feminism With Swords and Hooves: Aisha Kandisha, Transnational Cinema, and Postcolonial Horror.” Transnational Horror: Folklore, Genre, and Cultural Politics, Çakirlar, Cüneyt, Editor. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2025. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Transnational_Horror/zpVAEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Aisha+Kandisha&pg=PA99&printsec=frontcover.

  16. Granziera, Patrizia. “Coatlicue and the “Holy Death”: Two Terrible Mothers of the Mexicans.” European Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences. Vol. 2, No. 4, 2019, pp.39-52. https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/913369.

  17. Grey, George, Sir. Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand Race, As Furnished By Their Priests and Chiefs. London: John Murrya, 1855. Digital. https://archive.org/details/polynesianmythol00grey/mode/2up.

  18. Güzel, Miyase. “Two Gothic Mythological Heroes: Lilith and Al Karisi.” Journal of Oriental Studies, Vol. 42, 2023, pp.247-256. https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/46160487A1E6464FA9B0F4A0DE645188.

  19. Hall, Linda B. “Visions of the Feminine: The Dual Goddesses of Ancient Mexico.” Southwest Review. Vol. 63, No. 2, 1978, pp.133-142. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43469052.

  20. Higgins, Rawinia. “Tangihanga-Death Customs-Mythological Origins.” Te Ara-The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 5/14/2013. https://teara.govt.nz/en/tangihanga-death-customs/page-2#:~:text=Hine%2Dnui%2Dte%2Dp%C5%8D%20%E2%80%93%20the%20goddess%20of%20death,p%C5%8D%2C%20the%20goddess%20of%20death.

  21. “Hine-Nui-Te-Pō.” Encyclopedia Mythica. 3/3/1997. https://pantheon.org/articles/h/hine-nui-te-po.html.

  22. Ihimaera, Witi. “The Redemption of Hine-Nui-Te-Pō.” The Spinoff. 10/21/2020. https://thespinoff.co.nz/books/21-10-2020/the-redemption-of-hine-nui-te-po.

  23. Illes, Judika. Encyclopedia of Spirits: the Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods, and Goddesses. Harper Collins. n.d. E-Book.https://ia601901.us.archive.org/29/items/seleneicthon-daemonic-magick/Demonology%2C%20Ritual%20Principles%20and%20Worship%20Grimoires/Encyclopedia%20of%20spirits.pdf.

  24. Kerimli, Nurlana. “Mythoepic Female Characters in the Consciousness of Ancient Peoples.” Colloquium Journal, #47 (240), 2025, pp.15-17. https://colloquium-journal.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Colloquium-journal-2025-240-1.pdf#page=16.

  25. Klein, Cecelia F. “A New Interpretation of the Aztec Statue Called Coatlicue, “Snakes-Her-Skirt.”” Ethnohistory, 55 (2), April 2008, pp.229-250. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/31185285_A_New_Interpretation_of_the_Aztec_Statue_Called_Coatlicue_Snakes-Her-Skirt.

  26. Koto, Koray. “Alkarisi: The Lilith of Turkic Mythology. Ulukayin. 3/19/2025. https://ulukayin.org/alkarisi-the-lilith-of-turkic-mythology/.

  27. Krippner, Stanley. “Coatlicue: A Myth For Our Times.” Coreopsis Journal of Myth & Theatre. 2018. https://societyforritualarts.com/coreopsis/spring-2019-issue/portfolio-item/coatlicue/.

  28. “The Maui Myths. As narrated by Natives of Tolago Bay, North Island, New Zealand.” The Journal of the Polynesian Society. Vol. 38, No. 1 (149), 1929, pp.1-26. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20702236.

  29. Meehan, Evan. “Coatlicue.” Mythopedia. Updated 11/29/2022. https://mythopedia.com/topics/coatlicue/.

  30. Miller, Mary and Taube, Karl. An Illustrated Dictionary of The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997. Digital. https://archive.org/details/an-illustrated-dictionary-of-the-gods-and-symbols-of-ancient-mexico-and-the-maya_202506/mode/2up.

  31. Mitchell, Robbie. “Coatlicue: Fearsome Fertility Goddess of the Aztecs.” Ancient Origins. 12/6/2022. https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends-americas/coatlicue-goddess-0017620.

  32. Perris, Simon. “What Does Hine-Nui-Te-Pō Look Like? A Case Study of Oral Tradition, Myth and Literature in Aotearoa New Zealand.” The Journal of the Polynesian Society. Vol. 127, No. 4, 2018, pp.365-388. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45017388.

  33. Perris, Simon. “Witi Ihimaera and the Dread Goddess.” Journal of New Zealand Literature (JNZL). No. 33, 2015, pp.85-109. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43303619.

  34. Phillips, Henry. “Notes Upon the Codex Ramirez, With a Translation of the Same.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. Vol. 21, No. 116, 1884, pp.616-651. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/982343.

  35. Read, Kay Almere. Handbook of Mesoamerican Mythology. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2000. Digital. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9790874369983/mode/2up.

  36. Sánchez, María Porras. “The Moroccan Jinn in the Anglo-American Literary and Ethnographic Tradition.” Visitors From Beyond the Grave: Ghosts in World Literature. Romero-González, Dámaris et. al. Columbia University Press. https://ap1.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316.2/47502.

  37. Shortland, Edward. Maori Religion and Mythology. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1882. Digital. https://archive.org/details/maorireligionmyt00shor/mode/2up.

  38. Tahiri, Chama. “The Myth of Aicha Qandisha: A Feminist Figure to Rehabilitate?” Untold Mag. 7/31/2024. https://untoldmag.org/the-myth-of-aicha-qandisha-reclaiming-her-as-a-feminist-figure/.

  39. Tēcutli, Mictlān. “Coatlicue Statue.” 4/26/2019. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/coatlicue-statue.

  40. Tregear, Edward. The Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary. Wellington: Lyon and Blair, 1891. Digital. https://archive.org/details/cu31924026916480/mode/2up.

  41. Westermarck, Edward. “The Nature of the Arab Ginn, Illustrated by the Present Beliefs of the People of Morocco.” The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 29, No. ¾, 1899, pp.252-269. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2843009.

  42. Westermarck, Edward. Ritual and Belief in Morocco. Vol. 1. New Hyde Park: University Books, 1968. Digital. https://archive.org/details/edward-westermarck-ritual-and-belief-in-morocco-vol-1-1968-university-books-inc/mode/2up.

  43. Westervelt, W. D. Legends of Maui—A Demigod of Polynesia, and of His Mother Hina. Melbourne: George Robertwon & Company, n.d. Digital. https://archive.org/details/legendsofmauidem00westuoft/mode/2up.

  44. Williamson, Jenny and McMenemy, Genn. Women of Myth. New York: Adams Media, 2023.