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  1. “10 Largest Earthquakes Ever Recorded (Updated 2025).” USGS. December 4, 2025. https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/10-largest-earthquakes-ever-recorded-updated-2025 

  2. “1700 Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquake.” Pacific Northwest Scenic Network. [n.d.] https://pnsn.org/education/pnw-earthquakes/notable/1700-cascadia 

  3. “20 Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900.” USGS. June 26, 2019. https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/science/20-largest-earthquakes-world-1900 

  4. “Afraid Of The Wave.” San Francisco Chronicle. April 8, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1236452631/ 

  5. Akira, Kobayashi. “Kannazuki: Setting Up ‘Kotatsu,’ Public Sumō Bouts, and Other Traditional Events in October.” Nippon.com. October 1, 2024. https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-topics/c11810/ 

  6. Andrews, Tamra. A Dictionary of Nature Myths (Oxford University Press, 2000).

  7. “Atwater, Brian.” Quimper Geological Society. [n.d.] https://quimpergeology.org/2021/atwater-brian/ 

  8. Bane, Theresa. Encyclopedia of Beasts and Monsters in Myth, Legend and Folklore (McFarland & Company, 2016).

  9. Arnold, Carrie. “Watchers of the earth.” Aeon. April 13, 2017. https://aeon.co/essays/indigenous-myths-carry-warning-signals-about-natural-disasters 

  10. Bates, Alex. “Catfish, Super Frog, and the End of the World: Earthquakes (and Natural Disasters) in the Japanese Cultural Imagination.” Education About Asia 12(2), Fall 2007: pp. 13-19.

  11. Berman, Danielle. “Discover Dubai's Captivating Human-Made Islands and Their Unique Features.” Travel and Leisure. September 28, 2025. https://www.travelandleisure.com/trip-ideas/island-vacations/dubai-man-made-islands-facts 

  12. Blade, Michelle. “Wrecks and drownings in Morecambe Bay in the 19th century.” Lancaster Guardian. January 17, 2023. https://www.lancasterguardian.co.uk/news/national/wrecks-and-drownings-in-morecambe-bay-in-the-19th-century-3990038 

  13. Bolt, Bruce A. Earthquakes, Fifth Edition (W.H. Freeman and Company, 2004).

  14. Bolt, Bruce A. “earthquake.” Britannica. December 12, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology 

  15. Bonsor, Kevin. “Is Quicksand Real? Learn How Quicksand Works.” HowStuffWorks. September 7, 2023. https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geology/quicksand.htm 

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  17. “The Broomway.” Atlas Obscura. March 28, 2017. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-broomway-essex-england 

  18. Brown, Patricia Leigh. “In City Parks, A Childhood Joy Is Now a Rarity.” The New York Times. May 11, 1995. https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/11/garden/in-city-parks-a-childhood-joy-is-now-a-rarity.html 

  19. “Calamities To Come.” The Examiner [San Francisco]. January 30, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/460552196/ 

  20. “Can Earthquakes Liquify Soil?” National Academies. May 24, 2022. https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/can-earthquakes-liquefy-soil 

  21. Carboni, Filippo. “Geomythology. Japan’s Earthquakes – The work of Namazu?” EGU Blogs. October 22, 2021. https://blogs.egu.eu/divisions/ts/2021/10/22/geomythology-japans-earthquakes-the-work-of-namazu/ 

  22. Carver, Deborah H. “Native Stories of Earthquakes and Tsunamis: Redwood National Park, California.” National Park Service. September 1998. https://npshistory.com/publications/redw/native-stories-earthquakes-tsunamis.pdf 

  23. Clodd, Edward. The Birth and Growth of Myth and its Survival in Folk-Lore, Legend, and Dogma (Sunday Lecture Society, 1875).

  24. “The Craze.” The Morning Times [Oakland, CA]. April 13, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/998465123/ 

  25. Cummins, Tom. “A Tale of Two Cities: Cuzco, Lima, and the Construction of Colonial Representation.” In Converging Cultures: Art & Identity in Spanish America, ed. Diane Fane (Harry N. Abrams, 1996):  pp. 157-170.

  26. “The Day Of Doom.” The Examiner [San Francisco, CA]. April 14, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457891734/ 

  27. De Wolf, Charles. “Kashima & the Catfish.” Commonweal. April 11, 2011. https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/kashima-catfish 

  28. “Denouncing The Mockers.” The Examiner [San Francisco]. January 10, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/460525304/ 

  29. “The Doom-Sealers.” The Examiner [San Francisco]. April 13, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457891270/ 

  30. “The Doom-Sealers.” Los Angeles Herald. April 15, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/42206117/ 

  31. “Doomsealers’ Day.” San Francisco Chronicle. April 14, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1236456667/ 

  32. “Earthquake Legends.” USGS. [n.d.] https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/earthquake-legends 

  33. “Earthquake Magnitude Scale.” Michigan Tech. [n.d.] https://www.mtu.edu/geo/community/seismology/learn/earthquake-measure/magnitude/ 

  34. “Earthquake Researches In Japan.” The Japan Weekly Mail. February 26, 1887. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Japan_Daily_Mail/NxRDAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 

  35. Ellis, Michael. “What is Quicksand?” Bay Area Nature. October 1, 2009. https://baynature.org/magazine/fall2009/what-is-quicksand/ 

  36. Engber, Daniel. “Terra Infirma.” Slate. August 23, 2010. https://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2010/08/terra_infirma.html 

  37. “Few Of Them Left.” The Morning Times [Oakland, CA]. February 20, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/998464709/ 

  38. Finkbeiner, Ann. “The Great Quake and the Great Drowning.” Hakai Magazine. September 14, 2015. https://hakaimagazine.com/features/great-quake-and-great-drowning/ 

  39. “Flee To The Hills!” The Morning Call [San Francisco, CA]. April 7, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/92930654/ 

  40. “Flee To The Mountains.” Oakland Daily Evening Tribune. January 28, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/67723691/ 

  41. “Flee Ye To The Mountains.” The Examiner [San Francisco]. April 7, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457883786/ 

  42. “Fleeing In Terror.” The Morning Times [Oakland, CA]. April 7, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/998465069/ 

  43. “Forecast: Earth Quake.” Time. September 1, 1975. https://time.com/archive/6880279/forecast-earth-quake/ 

  44. Frazer, J.G. “Some Popular Superstitions of the Ancients.” Folk-lore 1(11), June 1890: pp. 145-171.

  45. Golden, Frederic. The Trembling Earth: Probing and Predicting Quakes (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1983).

  46. Gramling, Carolyn. “How the Earth-shaking theory of plate tectonics was born.” ScienceNews. January 13, 2021. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/earth-plate-tectonics-volcanoes-earthquakes-faults 

  47. Greis, Gloria. “Needham History: The Back Bay fill.” WickedLocal.com. October 22, 2019. https://www.wickedlocal.com/story/needham-times/2019/10/22/needham-history-back-bay-fill/2474664007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=true&gca-epti=z119124d00----v119124d--91--b--91--&gca-ft=175&gca-ds=sophi 

  48. Hajovsky, Patrick Thomas. “Shifting Panoramas: Contested Visions of Cuzco’s 1650 Earthquake.” The Art Bulletin 100(4), 2018: pp. 34-61.

  49. Hard, Robin. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology (Routledge, 2004).

  50. Hayes, D.A. “A Study of a Pauline Apocalypse. I Thess. 4:13-18.” The Biblical World 37(3), March 1911: pp. 163-175.

  51. Hennings, Juli, and Harry Lynch. “Caught in Quicksand.” EarthDate. January 30, 2020. https://www.earthdate.org/episodes/caught-in-quicksand 

  52. Holmberg, Uno. The Mythology of All Races, Volume IV: Finno-Urgic, Siberian (Plimpton Press, 1927).

  53. “How Do We Measure Earthquake Magnitude?” Michigan Tech. [n.d.] https://www.mtu.edu/geo/community/seismology/learn/earthquake-measure/ 

  54. “Infested By Cranks.” The Examiner [San Francisco, CA]. March 12, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/460615791/ 

  55. “It Will Be Annoying.” San Francisco Chronicle. January 29, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1236466200/ 

  56. Jenks, Aaron Allon. “Systematics and Ethnobotany of Salvia Subgenus Calosphace and Origins of the Hallucinogenic Sage, Salvia divinorum.” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Riverside. March 2009. https://escholarship.org/content/qt3f24n5mp/qt3f24n5mp.pdf 

  57. Kleiman, Rachel. “Is Quicksand Real?” Wildland Trekking. July 22, 2025. https://wildlandtrekking.com/blog/is-quicksand-real/ 

  58. LaBounty, Woody. “The Marina District.” SF Heritage. October 1, 2020. https://www.sfheritage.org/heritage-in-the-neighborhoods/the-marina-district/ 

  59. Leary, Warren E. “Consumer Group Challenges Agency Over Sandbox Safety.” The New York Times. September 8, 1988. https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/08/us/health-environmental-hazards-consumer-group-challenges-agency-over-sandbox.html 

  60. “Liquefaction.” Pacific Northwest Seismic Network. [n.d.] https://pnsn.org/education/earthquake-hazards/liquefaction 

  61. “Liquefaction.” Utah Geological Survey. [n.d.] https://geology.utah.gov/hazards/earthquakes/liquefaction/ 

  62. Littlewood, David. “Maria Woodworth-Etter the Mother of Pentecost.” New Life Publishing. [n.d.] https://www.newlifepublishing.uk/articles/maria-woodworth-etter-the-mother-of-pentecost/ 

  63. “Lunacy Let Loose.” The Morning Times [Oakland, CA]. March 10, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/998464840/ 

  64. Martin-Jones, Erin. “Written in Stone: Inca Buildings Remember Ancient Earthquakes.” Eos. September 20, 2022. https://eos.org/articles/written-in-stone-inca-buildings-remember-ancient-earthquakes

  65. Mason, Betsy. “The 10 Deadliest Earthquakes in U.S. History.” Wired. November 21, 2008. https://www.wired.com/2008/11/gallery-deadly-earthquake/ 

  66. McCoy, Daniel. “Loki Bound.” Norse Mythology for Smart People. [n.d.] https://norse-mythology.org/tales/loki-bound/ 

  67. McSaveney, Eileen. “Story: Historic earthquakes.” Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. November 1, 2017. https://teara.govt.nz/en/historic-earthquakes 

  68. Milne, John. Seismology (Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1898).

  69. Missiakoulis, Spyros. “Aristotle and Earthquake Data: A Historical Note.” International Statistical Review 76(1), April 2008: pp. 130-133. 

  70. “More Sacrilege.” The Morning Times [Oakland, CA]. January 9, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/998464385/ 

  71. Morgan, David. “The sands of time - Cedric Robinson celebrates 50th anniversary as Queen's Guide to the Sands.” Warrington Guardian. August 16, 2023. https://www.warringtonguardian.co.uk/leisure/interviews/10618196.the-sands-of-time-cedric-robinson-celebrates-50th-anniversary-as-queens-guide-to-the-sands/ 

  72. Mphofe, Sylvia. “Earthquakes.” National Geographic Kids. [n.d.] https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/earthquake 

  73. “Mrs. Woodworth.” The Examiner [San Francisco, CA]. January 29, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/460551900/ 

  74. “Mrs. Woodworth’s Case.” The Examiner [San Francisco, CA]. February 2, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/460557413/ 

  75. “Namazu - The Ancient History Behind The Earthquake Causing Catfish.” Sabukaru. [n.d.] https://sabukaru.online/articles/namazu-the-ancient-history-behind-the-earthquake-causing-catfish

  76. “Native Americans Know Cascadia.” Joyce Emergency Planning and Preparation. [n.d.] https://jeppgroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Posters-new-Native-American-stories.pdf 

  77. Newman, Sharan. The Real History of the End of the World (Berkley Books, 2010).

  78. “The Norse god Loki.” Trexler Library Blog. February 5, 2009. https://trexlerworks.muhlenberg.edu/trexler_blog/uncategorized/the-norse-god-loki/ 

  79. O’Mara, Kelly. “Large Parts of the Bay Area Are Built on Fill. Why and Where?” KQED. February 6, 2020. https://www.kqed.org/news/11799297/large-parts-of-the-bay-area-are-built-on-fill-why-and-where 

  80. Phipps, Steven. Maria Woodworth-Etter: The Evangelist (Harrison House Publishers, 2017).

  81. “Praying On The Peaks.” The Examiner [San Francisco]. April 16, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457893233/ 

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  83. Rampen, Julia. “Can you walk straight across the sands on Morecambe Bay?” Lancashire Life. October 17, 2023. https://www.greatbritishlife.co.uk/magazines/lancashire/23815191.can-walk-straight-across-sands-morecambe-bay/ 

  84. Reagan, Albert B. and L.V.W. Waters. “Tales from the Hoh and Quileute.” The Journal of American Folklore 46(182), October-December 1933: pp. 297-346.

  85. “Reviews of New Films.” The New York Dramatic Mirror. October 2, 1909. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_New_York_Dramatic_Mirror/f_JNAQAAMAAJ 

  86. Rosen, Brenda. The Mythical Creatures Bible: The Definitive Guide to Legendary Beings (Sterling, 2009).

  87. Robles, Andrea. “Myth 101: The Animal-Rumblings of Earthquake.” OPUS Archives and Research Center. August 24, 2011. https://www.opusarchives.org/blog/myth-101-the-animal-rumblings-of-earthquake-by-gabrielle-milanich/ 

  88. “Ruaumoko - the Mountain is Me.” YouTube, uploaded by Earth Sciences New Zealand. June 17, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjQZYvsBkgE 

  89. “A Rush Of Unreason.” The Morning Times [Oakland, CA]. March 7, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/998464821/ 

  90. Scantlin, Mary. “Maria Woodworth-Etter.” International Christian Women's History Project & Hall of Fame. [n.d.] http://www.icwhp.org/about_maria_woodworth_etter.html 

  91. Schiber, Michael. “Diving Deep Into Quicksand.” Science. September 28, 2005. https://www.science.org/content/article/diving-deep-quicksand 

  92. Shuman, R, Baird. “Destruction of Cuzco.” EBSCO. 2022. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/destruction-cuzco 

  93. Smits, Gregory. “The Ansei Edo Earthquake and Catfish Prints.” In Digital Meijis: Revisualizing Modern Japanese History at 150, ed. Tristan R. Grunow and Naoko Kato (University of British Columbia Library, 2019).

  94. Stanfield-Mazzi, Maya. “Shifting Ground: Elite Sponsorship of the Cult of Christ of the Earthquakes in Eighteenth-Century Cusco.” Hispanic Research Journal 8(5), December 2007: pp. 445-465. 

  95. Stanfield-Mazzi, Maya. Object and Apparition: Envisioning the Christian Divine in the Colonial Andes (University of Arizona Press, 2013).

  96. “A Startling Announcement.” The Morning Times [Oakland, CA]. January 28, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/998464527/ 

  97. “Still Climbing Higher.” The Examiner [San Francisco, CA]. April 11, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457888438/ 

  98. Sturzenegger, Sloane. “Loma Prieta Earthquake, 1989.” FoundSF. 2015. https://www.foundsf.org/Loma_Prieta_Earthquake,_1989 

  99. Taketoshi, Hibiya. “The Yoshiwara Pleasure Quarters: A Cradle for Japan’s Edo Culture.” Nippon.com. September 2, 2020. https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-topics/g00885/ 

  100. “They Are Still Fleeing.” The Examiner [San Francisco]. April 9, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457884931/ 

  101. Tomberelli, Derrick, and Birce Dikici. “Study of Non-Newtonian Fluids and Their Applications.” Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. [n.d.] https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1709&context=discovery-day 

  102. “The Ultimate Guide to TV and Movie Quicksand Scenes.” Quicksand Movies. August 16, 2020. https://www.quicksandmovies.net/scenes31.html  

  103. “Unutterable Woe.” Oakland Daily Evening Tribune. March 7, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/67723969/ 

  104. Villaverde, Roberto. Fundamental Concepts of Earthquake Engineering (CRC Press, 2009). 

  105. “The Voodoo Priestess.” Oakland Daily Evening Tribune. December 2, 1889. https://www.newspapers.com/image/67996769/ 

  106. Warner, Wayne. Maria Woodworth-Etter: For Such a Time as This (Bridge-Logos, 2004).

  107. Warner, Wayne E. The Woman Evangelist: The Life and Times of Charismatic Evangelist Maria B. Woodworth-Etter (The Scarecrow Press, 1986).

  108. “The Warning To Flee.” The Examiner [San Francisco]. March 6, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/460606611/ 

  109.  “We walked the most dangerous path in Britain.” YouTube, uploaded by Tom Scott. November 30, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mM7C_Pw7OL8 

  110. “The Week Of Exodus.” San Francisco Chronicle. April 7, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1236452239/ 

  111. “Whoa, Woe!” Oakland Daily Evening Tribune. March 11, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/67723990/ 

  112. “Woe To The Unterrified.” The Morning Times [Oakland, CA]. March 5, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/998464812/ 

  113. “Woodworth Cranks.” Los Angeles Herald.  April 6, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/42205612/ 

  114. Woodworth, M.B. “Not a Prophetess.” The Examiner [San Francisco]. February 9, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/460563033/ 

  115. Woodworth-Etter, M.B. Signs and Wonders: God Wrought in The Ministry for Forty Years (Hammond Press, 1916).

  116. “Worse To Come.” The Morning Times [Oakland, CA]. March 6, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/998464813/ 

  117. “Wrath Of God.” The Evening Bee [Sacramento, CA]. April 2, 1890. https://www.newspapers.com/image/623359375/ 

  118. Yang, Jack. “Land Reclamation in Tokyo.” ArcGIS StoryMaps. December 12, 2019. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/fdc02295fe7c4dce87a4b0926ecd6d95