Sources from Trick or Treat 5

  1. "Meet Isle of Man Vampire, Matthew Hassal." Spooky Isles, March 4, 2020, https://www.spookyisles.com/matthew-hassal-vampire/.

  2. "Hassal Grave." Atlas Obscura, May 22, 2018, https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-hassal-grave-isle-of-man.

  3. "Isle of Man." Wikipedia, Date Unknown, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle_of_Man#History.

  4. “The Abhartach: The Irish Walking Dead and the Origin of Dracula?,” Historic Mysteries, August 26, 2022, https://www.historicmysteries.com/abhartach/

  5. “The Abhartach: The Terrifying Tale Of The Irish Vampire,” The Irish Road Trip, June 4, 2023, https://www.theirishroadtrip.com/the-abhartach/

  6. “Abhartach Explained: Was Bram Stoker’s Vampire Dracula Inspired by an Irish Chieftain?” Irish Myths. September 21, 2025. https://irishmyths.com/2021/09/25/dracula-abhartach-history/

  7. “Abhartach The Irish Vampire,” Your Irish Culture, https://www.yourirish.com/folklore/abhartach-irish-vampire

  8. Curran, Bob. “Was Dracula and Irishman?” History Ireland. https://historyireland.com/was-dracula-an-irishman/

  9. Miller, Elizabeth. “Getting to Know the Un-Dead: Stoker, Vampires, and Dracula,” in Vampires: Myths and Metaphors of Enduring Evil. Edited by Peter Day. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2006.

  10. “The vampire Abhartach,” Go To Ireland, https://www.go-to-ireland.com/culture/vampire-abhartach/

  11. Reid, Robert H. “Philippine ‘vampire talk of town.” Honolulu Star-Adviser. May 8, 1992. https://www.newspapers.com/image/265030682/?match=1&terms=Manananggal

  12. “Manananggal.” Wikipedia. Last Updated August 14, 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manananggal#:~:text=The word manananggal comes from,used for a severed torso.

  13. Mark, Joshua J. “Twelve Menacing and Protective Mythological Figures.” World History Encyclopedia. October 15, 2019. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1457/twelve-menacing--protective-mythological-figures/

  14. Gallo-Crail, Rhodalyne and Michael Hawkins. Filipino Tapestry: Tagalog Language Through Culture. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2012. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Filipino_Tapestry/0bCco2JGwaYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Manananggal&pg=PA180&printsec=frontcover

  15. Ramos, Maximo. “Belief in Ghouls in Contemporary Philippine Society.” Western Folklore. Vol 27, No. 3. July, 1968. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1498104?searchText=Manananggal&searchUri=/action/doBasicSearch?Query=Manananggal&so=rel&ab_segments=0/basic_search_gsv2/control&refreqid=fastly-default:8d98bf61f0436313ccc98b15251fe425&seq=3

  16. Manuel, Melanie. “The Manananggal as Mythmaking.” Grist. Dec 12, 2023. https://gristjournal.com/2023/12/the-manananggal-as-mythmaking-by-melanie-manuel/

  17. “1992 Philippine Presidential Election.” Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Philippine_presidential_election

  18. Bacon, Simon, ed. The Palgrave Handbook of the Vampire. Cham: Palgrave MacMillan, 2024.https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Palgrave_Handbook_of_the_Vampire/OI4CEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jiangshi+vampire&pg=PA759&printsec=frontcover

  19. Bane, Theresa. Encyclopedia of Vampire Mythology. Jefferson: McFarland & Co, Inc, 2010. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Encyclopedia_of_Vampire_Mythology/6pYZDgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jiangshi+vampire&printsec=frontcover

  20. “The Ancient Terror of the Chinese Hopping Corpse, Jiangshi.” Monstrum. Season 6, Episode 9. https://www.pbs.org/video/the-ancient-terror-of-the-chinese-hopping-corpse-jiangshi-0dtmtb/

  21. Yang, Yating. “Walking dead: old China practice of corpse herding, transporting bodies to hometown for burial using long bamboo poles.” South China Morning Post. June 2, 2024. https://www.scmp.com/news/people-culture/trending-china/article/3264922/walking-dead-old-china-practice-corpse-herding-transporting-bodies-hometown-burial-using-long-bamboo

  22. “The Living Dead: Chinese Hopping Vampires.” Ancient Origins. October 31, 2021. https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends/living-dead-chinese-hopping-vampires-006050

  23. Plumbley, J.M. “Hippity Hoppity: The Jiangshi.” JM Plumbley. December 29, 2020. https://www.jmplumbley.com/2020/12/29/hippity-hoppity-the-jiangshi/