Sources from Legends 70

  1. “Alligator” Mound.”  The Historical Marker Database.  Updated 1/12/2025.  https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=17482  .

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  3.   Allison, Harold. “Exploring Hoosierland.”  The Herald  .  1/5/2002, p. 13.  https://www.newspapers.com/image/542520538/?match=1&terms=shunka%20  warakin  .

  4. Barnouw, Victor.  Wisconsin Chippewa Myths & Tales  and Their Relation to  Chippewa Life.  Madison: The University of Wisconsin  Press, 1977. Digital.  https://archive.org/details/wisconsinchippew0000barn/mode/2up  .   

  5. Biehl, Mary. “Mysteries at the Madison Valley History Museum.”  Bozeman  Magazine.  7/1/2017.  https://bozemanmagazine.com/articles/2017/07/01/102613-mysteries-at-the-m  adison-valley-history-museum  .   

  6. Coleman, Loren and Clark, Jerome.  Cryptozoology A  to Z.  New York: Fireside,  1999. Digital.  https://archive.org/details/cryptozoologytoz00lore/mode/2up  .

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  8. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Woolly Mammoth.”  Encyclopedia  Britannica  . 4/12/2025.  https://www.britannica.com/animal/woolly-mammoth  .

  9. Edmonston, Mary Chandler. “The Mammoth and the Mastodon in the Folklore of  the Indians of North America.”  Journal of the Illinois  State Archaeological  Society.  Vol. 3, No. 1, 1953, pp.15-31.  JSTOR  .  http://www.jstor.org/stable/43588552  .   

  10. Fancy, Marisa. “The Legend of Michigan’s Dogman.”  Northern Michigan History.  2025.  https://northernmichiganhistory.com/the-legend-of-michigans-dogman/  .

  11. Ferrell, Ed.  Strange Stories of Alaska and the Yukon.  Fairbanks: Epicenter Press,  1996. Digital.  https://archive.org/details/strangestoriesof00ferr/mode/2up  .

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  13. Frigiola, Heather.  Monsters and Mythical Creatures  From Around the World.  Atglen: Red Feather, 2019.

  14. Gauss, Daniel. “Godlike Power and Monster Malevolence: Mishipizheu of Lake  Superior.”  Ancient Origins.  Updated 7/27/2021.  https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends-americas/mishipizheu-0015625  .

  15. “Gigantic Hairy Mammoths.”  Star.  10/3/1903, p.1.  https://www.newspapers.com/image/930874532/?match=1&terms=mammoths  .    

  16.   Gile, Marie A. “The Thunderbird and Underwater Panther in the Material Culture  of the Great Lakes Indians: Symbols of Power.”  Michigan  State University,  1995.  Jamie Vargas  24

  17.   Gill, Jeff. “The Archaeoastronomy of Alligator Mound.”  Ohio History Connection.  1/20/2014.  https://www.ohiohistory.org/the-archaeoastronomy-of-alligator-mound/#:~:text=  This%20creature%2C%20this%20Underwater%20Panther,and%20the%20nati  ve%20interlocutors%20would  .

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  19. Godfrey, Linda S.  The Michigan Dogman: Werewolves  and Other Unknown  Canines Across the U.S.A.  Eau Claire: Unexplained  Research Publishing  company, 2010. Digital.  https://archive.org/details/michigandogmanwe0000godf/mode/2up  .

  20. Halls, Kelly Milner; Spears, Rick; and Young, Roxyanne.  Tales of the Cryptids:  Mysterious Creatures That May or May Not Exist.  Minneapolis:  Millbrook Press,  2006. Digital.  https://archive.org/details/talesofcryptidsm0000hall/page/46/mode/2up  .

  21.   Heuvelmans, Bernard.  On the Track of Unknown Animals.  New York: Routledge,  2014. E-book.

  22. Howard, James H. “When They Worship the Underwater Panther: A Prairie  Potawatomi Bundle Ceremony.”  Southwestern Journal  of Anthropology  . Vol. 16,  No. 2, 1960, pp.217-224.  JSTOR  .  http://www.jstor.org/stable/3628816  .

  23.   Hutchins, Ross E.  Trails to Nature’s Mysteries: The  Life of a Working Naturalist.  New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1977. Digital.  https://archive.org/details/trailstonaturesm0000hutc/mode/2up  .

  24. Lankford, George E. “Pleistocene Animals in Folk Memory.”  The Journal of  American Folklore.  Vol, 93, No. 369, 1980, pp.293-304.  JSTOR.  https://doi.org/10.2307/540573  .

  25. “Legends of Living Mammoths in Canada.”  Mysteries  of Canada.  https://mysteriesofcanada.com/quebec/legends-of-living-mammoths-in-canada  /  .

  26.   Lenik, Edward J. “Mythic Creatures: Serpents, Dragons, and Sea Monsters in  Northeastern Rock Art.”  Archaeology of Eastern North  America  . Vol. 38, 2010,  pp.17-37.  JSTOR  .  http://www.jstor.org/stable/40914539  .   

  27. “Live “Big Teeth” In Alaska.”  St. Joseph Gazette.  10/21/1889, p.4.  https://www.newspapers.com/image/559477339/?match=1&terms=Cola%20Fo  wler

  28. .   “Mammoths in Alaska.”  Wisconsin State Journal.  6/10/1889,  p.2.  https://www.newspapers.com/image/404638495/?match=1&terms=Cola%20Fowler  .

  29.   McMahon, Daniel. “Cryptids and Historical Memory: The Asserted Antecedents  of the Michigan Dogman.”  Popular Culture Studies Journal  ,  Vol. 12, Is. 1, 2024,  pp.258-273.  Jamie Vargas  25  https://hal.science/hal-04841650v1/file/Queering%20Blackness%20Cremieux%  20Blec.pdf#page=267  .

  30.   Mencarelli, Jim. “Interest in Legend Grows After ‘Dogman’ Attacks.”  The Times  Herald,  7/23/1987, p.8.  https://www.newspapers.com/image/210396745/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1N  iIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjIxMDM5Njc0NSwiaWF0IjoxNz  Q0OTExMDgzLCJleHAiOjE3NDQ5OTc0ODN9.iI_0Vy6CPt3jacyZIUJfvMrRo7_Wy  DRGZLkzK6IF-LY  .

  31. “The Michigan Dogman & Other Wolf-Like Cryptids.”  Mythfolks.  https://www.mythfolks.com/cryptids/michigan-dogman  .

  32. “Native American Legends: The Water Panther (Mishipeshu).”  Native Languages  of the Americas.  http://www.native-languages.org/water-panther.htm

  33.   Newton, Michael.  Hidden Animals: A Field Guide to  Batsquatch, Chupacabra,  and Other Elusive Creatures.  Santa Barbara: Greenwood  Press, 2009. Digital.  https://archive.org/details/hiddenanimalsfie0000newt/page/n1/mode/2up  .

  34.   Nouhan, Catherine. “Who’s A Good Boy? Not the Michigan Dogman.”  Michigan  Public.  10/30/2019.  https://www.michiganpublic.org/offbeat/2019-10-30/whos-a-good-boy-not-the-  michigan-dogman  .

  35. Ocker, J.W. “Beware Montana’s Shunka Warak’in, the ‘Rocky Mountain Hyena.’”  Atlas Obscura.  10/19/2022.  https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/shunka-warakin-cryptid-ocker  .

  36.   Offutt, Jason.  Chasing American Monsters: Over 250  Creatures, Cryptids & Hairy  Beasts.  Woodbury: Llewellyn Publications, 2019. Digital.  https://archive.org/details/chasing-american-monsters-over-250-creatures-crypt  ids-hairy-beasts/mode/2up  .

  37.   “Ojibwe Oral Tradition.”  Milwaukee Public Museum.  https://www.mpm.edu/content/wirp/ICW-141  .

  38.   Olsen, Brad.  Sacred Places North America.  San Francisco:  consortium of  Collective Consciousness, 2008. Digital.  https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sacred_Places_North_America/fZtREAA  AQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=mishipeshu  .

  39.   Peet, S. D. “Indian Myths and Effigy Mounds.”  The  American Antiquarian and  Oriental Journal  . Vol. 11, No. 1, January 1889, pp.32-61.  https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_American_Antiquarian_and_Oriental  _Jo/4g4XAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1  .

  40.   Phillips, Ruth B. “Between Rocks and Hard Places—Entre o’Arbre et l’écorce/  Au Pied Du Mur: Indigenous Lands, Settler Art Histories, and the ‘Battle for the  Woodlands.’”  Journal of Canadian Art History / Annales  d’histoire de l’art  Canadien  . Vol. 37, No. 1, 2016, pp.10-47.  JSTOR  .  https://www.jstor.org/stable/26760358  .  Jamie Vargas  26

  41.   “Q&A: The Man Behind Michigan’s Dogman Legend.”  MyNorth.com.  1/18/2024.  https://mynorth.com/2024/01/qa-the-man-behind-michigans-dogman-legend/  .

  42.   Romano, Anthony. “Discovering the Mysteries of Shunka Warak’in: The Beast of  Montana.”  Hangar 1 Publishing.  https://hangar1publishing.com/blogs/cryptids/shunka-warakin?srsltid=AfmBOor  WWnJN7KAQjMNKBq1Oh5zYAfNoEj0aZ8WRktRbqs6qzMyqbuS5  .

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  44.   Rowe, Audrey G., et al. “A Female Woolly Mammoth’s Lifetime Movements End  in an Ancient Alaskan Hunter-Gatherer Camp.”  Science  Advances.  Vol. 10, Is. 3,  1/17/2024.  DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk081  .

  45. Royce, Julie Albrecht.  Traveling Michigan’s Sunset  Coast.  Holt: Thunder Bay  Press, 2007. Digital.  https://archive.org/details/travelingmichiga0000juli_m9v1/mode/2up  .

  46.   Sands, David. “Michigan Dogman, Mysterious Upright Canine Creature, Haunts  State’s Backwoods.”  Huffpost  . 10/26/2012.  https://www.huffpost.com/entry/michigan-dogman-upright-canine_n_2019442  .

  47.   Schaumburg, Ned. “Living, Land-Broken Waters: Epistemological Resistance in  Solar Storms.”  Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical  Journal  . Vol. 52, No. 2, 2019,  pp.17-33.  JSTOR  .  https://www.jstor.org/stable/26974156  .

  48.   Schwarz, Rob. “Woolly Mammoth Sightings—Are These Prehistoric Creatures  Still Alive?”  Stranger Dimensions.  1/18/2018.  https://www.strangerdimensions.com/2018/01/18/woolly-mammoth-sightings/  .

  49.   Shelton, Joseph. “The Shunka Warak’in, Hyena of the Rockies.”  Distinctly  Montana.  10/10/2024.  https://www.distinctlymontana.com/shunka-warakin-hyena-rockies  .

  50.   “Shunka Warak’in: The Mysterious Beast of Montana.”  North American Cryptids.  2017.  https://northamericancryptids.com/shunka-warakin/  .

  51. Simon, James.  Pictographs: the Graphic Art of James  Simon Mishibinijima.  Erin:  The Porcupine’s Quill, 2017. Digital.  https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pictographs/CbM1DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&g  bpv=1  .

  52. Smith, Tiara. “Legend or Lore: Michigan’s Dogman Still Haunts People to This  Day.”  Huron Daily Tribune.  Updated 7/11/2022.  https://www.michigansthumb.com/news/article/Legend-or-lore-Michigan-s-Dog  man-still-haunts-17292455.php  .

  53.   Squier, Ephraim G., and Davis, Edwin H.  Ancient Monuments  of the Mississippi  Valley  . Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press,  1998. Digital.  https://archive.org/details/ancientmonuments00squi/mode/2up  .

  54.   Stuart, Anthony J., et al. “The Latest Woolly Mammoths (  Mammuthus  primigenius  Blumenbach) in Europe and Asia: A Review  of the Current  Evidence.”  Quaternary Science Reviews  , Vol. 21, 2002,  pp.1559-1569.  Jamie Vargas  27  https://reviverestore.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/latest_woolly_mammoths  _of_eurasia_20021.pdf  .

  55.   Tēcutli, Mictlān. “El Pindal Cave.”  Atlas Obscura.  8/20/2019.  https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/el-pindal-cave  .

  56.   Teit, James A. “Kaska Tales.”  The Journal of American  Folklore,  Vol. 30, No. 118,  1917, pp.427-473.  JSTOR  .  https://doi.org/10.2307/534495  .

  57.   Thwaites, Reuben Gold, Editor.  The Jesuit Relations  and Allied Documents:  Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France 1610-1791.  Vol. LIV. Cleveland: The Burrows Brothers Company, Publishers, 1899.  http://moses.creighton.edu/kripke/jesuitrelations/relations_54.html  .

  58.   Topping, Peter, et al. “Native American Mound Building Traditions.”  Dalam  Round Mounds and Monumentality in the British Neolithic and Beyond.  2010,  pp.219-252.  https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/39428161/14_-_Round_Mounds_indd_2-li  bre.pdf?1445877006=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3D  2010_Native_American_moundbuilding_trad.pdf&Expires=1745591459&Signatur  e=YMD6lhuei78etu4zLm-PZY7s5cq~QqVUIU~ivnSHyDmFpLD4tTTlh7DD1siUsA  -ibb21o-OA36xlKd~Zjnf6RU-btkYfKRHRp9E~wjoZ-IYeEtaUfaa0~Tt3awpDZ-KH  Xy0ScCZSZixaIso12TAt45M67-yhCcsgpMoGlY4betvUs7k9jZYAUkbhnUwgOWN  8YJE5XEYaabRsDmZyg766pU2Vs9Ag30HEP~PkygoatmANXhgp9TOBjqhQztgw  LCHkccEUywzU7JskTmnO4sM43Fo0nJkSt5oidA5mjFsZurIumeMR16YTMzVQb  Zl98d5S0oDURYuK01F~sbFzviIQrQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4Z  A  .

  59. “What a Mammoth’s Tusk Can Tell us About Its Life.”  National Park Service.  https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/mammothtuskisotopes.htm  .

  60.   Williams, Walt. “Mystery Monster Returns Home After 121 Years.”  Bozeman  Daily Chronicle.  11/14/2007.  https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/mystery-monster-%20returns-ho  me-after-121-years/article_461c6958-ea1e-5f57-bee9-a3c11b0a18a6.html  .

  61.   Woodward, Susan L. and McDonald, Jerry N.  Indian Mounds  of the Middle Ohio  Valley.  Blacksburg: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing  Company, 2002.  Digital.  https://archive.org/details/indianmoundsofmi00wood_0/mode/2up  .

  62. “Woolly Mammoth Revival About the Species.”  Revive  & Restore.  https://reviverestore.org/projects/woolly-mammoth/about-the-species/