“Alabama News”. The Weekly Advertiser. 4/4/1893. Page 6. https://www.newspapers.com/image/271999060/?terms=youngblood&match=1.
“Another Furnace Horror”. The Birmingham Iron Age. 11/23/1882. Page 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/306197383/?match=1&terms=%22sloss%20furnace%22.
“Another is Dead”. The Birmingham News. 8/17/1900. Page 5. https://www.newspapers.com/image/605722700/?terms=sloss&match=1.
“‘Aunt Jenny’”. The Historical Marker Database. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=248363.
Brown, Alan. The Haunting of Alabama. Kindle Edition. Gretna: Pelican Publishing Company, 2017.
Brown, Alan. “The Spirits of Sloss Furnaces”. The Ghost Doctor. https://theghostdoctor.com/the-spirits-of-sloss-furnaces/.
Bulit, David. “Daniel Pratt Cotton Gin Factory”. Abandoned Alabama. 4/16/2021. https://www.abandonedalabama.com/daniel-pratt-cotton-gin-factory/#google_vignette.
“Caught at Last”. The PIckens County Herald and West Alabamian. 1/23/1878. Page 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/355731438/?match=1&terms=%22henry%20wells%22.
“Circumstances”. The Pickens County Herald and West Alabamian. 12/13/1876. Page 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/355730469/?match=1&terms=%22Buckhalter%22.
Conlon, Riley. “The Tragic Legend of Theophilus Jowers: Sloss Furnaces’ Phantom Iron Worker”. WVTM13. 10/30/2024. https://www.wvtm13.com/article/halloween-sloss-furnaces-ghost-jowers/62768900.
Coons, Brittany Buckner. “Aunt Jenny Johnston, Legend of the Bankhead National Forest”. Brittany Coons – Digital Portfolio. https://bebuckner.wordpress.com/2013/02/06/aunt-jenny-johnston-ledgend-of-the-bankhead-national-forest/.
Crider, Beverly. “The Ghost of Willie Youngblood’s Mother.” AL. 3/22/2012. https://www.al.com/strange-alabama/2012/03/the_ghost_of_willie_youngblood.html.
“Continental Gin Company, Prattville, Autauga County, AL”. Library of Congress.
Diel, Stan. “Spirit Hunters Haunt Sloss”. AL.10/21/2007. https://www.al.com/halloween/2007/10/spirit_hunters_haunt_sloss_1.html.
Deacon, John. “Pickens County”. American Courthouses. https://courthouses.co/us-states/states-a-g/alabama/pickens-county/.
“Dying Confession of Henry Wells”. The Pickens County Herald and West Alabamian. 2/6/1878. Page 3.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "coke." Encyclopedia Britannica, August 28, 2008. https://www.britannica.com/technology/coke.
Evans, Curtis J. The Conquest of Labor: Daniel Pratt and Southern Industrialization.
“The Face in the Window”. Explore Southern History. https://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/faceinthewindow.html#google_vignette.
“A Fatal Fall”. The Prattville Progress. 3/31/1893. Page 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/272131291/?clipping_id=38621336&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjI3MjEzMTI5MSwiaWF0IjoxNzUzOTA0NDczLCJleHAiOjE3NTM5OTA4NzN9.YRB5S04H3V3egHtV7MXg-QFLaWmP1rU6x4-YA9RB4Zk.
Fitzgerald, Michael W. “Reconstruction in Alabama.” Encyclopedia of Alabama. 8/11/2008. Updated 3/27/2023. https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/reconstruction-in-alabama/.
“Five Negroes Hurt.” The Birmingham News. 8/13/1900. Page 4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/605722593/?match=1&terms=%22sloss%22.
“Gainum Brooks”. Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/56808956/gainum-brooks.
Gillespie, Loretta. “Part One: Setting the Stage for a Feud.” The Moulton Advertiser. 1/28/2016. https://www.moultonadvertiser.com/article_47cf5322-c53a-11e5-9a20-3b2eef796ec9.html.
Gillespie, Loretta. “Part Two: ‘You See Me Where I Am’. The Moulton Advertiser. 2/16/2016. https://www.moultonadvertiser.com/news/local/article_8a99c622-caaf-11e5-8e5f-ef48ed42a31c.html.
Gillespie, Loretta. “Part Three: The Hubbards of Kinlock Falls”. The Moulton Advertiser. 2/11/2016. https://www.moultonadvertiser.com/news/local/article_abcb1cd6-d01f-11e5-8537-4f1d4ec224eb.html.
Gossett, P. J. “Truth About the Face: Is Henry Wells the Face in the Courthouse Window?”. Cullman Times. 10/26/2023. https://cullmantimes.com/2023/10/26/truth-about-the-face-is-henry-wells-the-face-in-the-courthouse-window/
Gurner, Kayla Scott. “James Withers Sloss”. Encyclopedia of Alabama (EoA). 5/7/2024. https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/james-withers-sloss/.
“Haunted by Ghosts of Men They Shot”. The Brewton Standard. 3/1/1928. Page 6. https://www.newspapers.com/image/534910262/?match=1&terms=%22lee%20summerville%22.
Hawley, Monica E. “Daniel Pratt Cotton Gin Company Factory Complex”. Historic American Engineering Record. 1983. With Addendum: “Continental Gin Company”, by LeeAnn Bishop Lands. August 1997. HAER ALA, I-PRAVI, 3-. https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/pnp/habshaer/al/al0000/al0006/data/al0006data.pdf.
“Henry Wells”. The Pickens County Herald and West Alabamian. 2/6/1878. Page 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/355731478/?match=1&terms=%22Henry%20Wells%22.
“Here He Is!”. The Pickens County Herald and West Alabamian. 1/30/1878. Page 2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/355731452/?match=1&terms=%22Buckhalter%22.
Herring, Edward. “Mountain Feuds of Aunt Jenny Johnson and the Brooks Boys”. Free State of Winston. http://www.freestateofwinston.org/auntjenny.htm.
“History of Sloss Furnaces”. Sloss Furnaces. https://www.slossfurnaces.org/history.
History.com Editors. “Reconstruction.” History. 10/29/2009. Updated 5/2/2025. https://www.history.com/articles/reconstruction.
Holdbrooks, Joann. “Legends of Winston County.” Winston County Trail Tracker 4 (June 2007): 5-7.
“Hon. J. A. Billups”. The Montgomery Advertiser. 11/19/1876. Page 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/355700923/?match=1&terms=%22burned%22.
“A Horrible Death”. Birmingham Post-Herald. 9/10/1887. Page 4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1000163436/?match=1&terms=%22jowers%22.
“Hurled to Death”. The Birmingham News. 2/5/1892. Page 2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/605501055/?match=1&terms=%22sloss%20furnace%22.
Kazek, Kelly. “Were There Once 2 Spooky Faces Etched in the Legendary Pickens County Courthouse Windows?”. AL. 10/19/2015. https://www.al.com/living/2015/10/were_there_once_2_spooky_faces.html.
“Killed by Coal”. Birmingham Post-Herald. 2/26/1892. Page 7. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1000739457/?match=1&terms=%22sloss%20furnace%22.
Kirkland, Scotty. “Retrospect: Alabama’s Daniel Pratt and His Early Cotton Gins”. Business Alabama. 5/27/2022. https://businessalabama.com/retrospect-alabamas-daniel-pratt-and-his-early-cotton-gins/.
Lewis, W. David. “Sloss Furnaces.” Encyclopedia of Alabama. 10/28/2008. Updated 5/8/2024. https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/sloss-furnaces/.
Lewis, Herbert J. “Jim”. “Daniel Pratt”. Encyclopedia of Alabama. 6/12/2007. Updated 1/16/2024. https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/daniel-pratt/.
“Louisa Elisabeth Jane ‘Aunt Jenny’ Bates Brooks-Johnston.” Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/50419853/louisa_elisabeth_jane-brooks_-_johnston.
“Lynching of Nat Pierce.” The Pickens County Herald and West Alabamian. 10/10/1877. Page 2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/355731169/?match=1&terms=%22armed%20mob%22.
Malone, Susie Hovater. “Cultura Garden Club Sponsors Aunt Jenny Historic Legend”. Franklin County TImes. 10/22/2024. https://www.franklincountytimes.com/2024/10/22/cultura-garden-club-sponsors-aunt-jenny-historic-legend/.
“Midnight Funeral.” The Birmingham News. 8/14/1900. Page 9. https://www.newspapers.com/image/605722635/?match=1&terms=%22sloss%22.
Norman, Joyce. “Aunt Jenny–Or At Least Her Legend–Is Alive in Bankhead Forest”. The Birmingham News. 6/23/1974. Page 86. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1150130362/?match=1&terms=Aunt%20Jenny.
“Pickens County Courthouse”. The Historical Marker Database. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=22178.
Reeves, Jay. “Slavery’s Ghost Haunts Cotton Gin Factory’s Transformation”. Los Angeles Times. 11/22/2022. https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-11-22/slaverys-ghost-haunts-cotton-gin-factorys-transformation
Serafin, Faith. Haunted Montgomery, Alabama. Kindle Edition. Charleston: The History Press, 2013.
Staff. “The ‘Lady in Black’ Haunts Old Cotton Gin in Prattville Alabama.” Digital Alabama. 11/29/2020. https://digitalalabama.com/alabama-ghosts-and-haunted-places/the-lady-in-black-haunts-an-old-cotton-gin-in-prattville-alabama/34837/.
“To Avenge Husband’s Death…Winston’s Aunty Jenny Johnson Reportedly Poisoned Yankees.” The Advertiser. 2/9/1961. Page 1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/555282871/?terms=Winston%27s%20Aunt%20Jenny.
Walker, Rickey Butch. “Jane (Aunt Jenny) Brooks Johnston Family of the Byler Road”. Free State of Winston. http://www.freestateofwinston.org/auntjenny2.htm.
“Was it Murder or an Accident”. Birmingham Post-Herald. 8/5/1897. Page 5. https://www.newspapers.com/image/882672080/?terms=sloss&match=1.
“What is Pig Iron? Meaning, Process, and Uses Explained”. Metleader. 7/19/2025. https://mlpiping.com/what-is-pig-iron/.
Windham, Kathryn Tucker, and Margaret Gillis Figh. 13 Alabama Ghosts and Jeffrey. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 1969.
Windham, Kathryn Tucker. Jeffrey Introduces 13 More Southern Ghosts. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1971.
Sources from Lore 309
Afanasyenko, Yulia. “The Khodynka tragedy: A coronation ruined by a stampede.” Russia Beyond. July 23, 2020. https://www.rbth.com/history/332466-khodynka-tragedy-coronation
Andrés, Sergio. “The Rothschilds' Last Great Party.” Elegance Found. [n.d.] https://elegancefound.com/blogs/discover/the-rothschilds-last-great-party?srsltid=AfmBOooJ6IhWpJzbQhwcW2DSYpbyadkG9ajlBVR26xScbAo3hvobAIfQ
“Bals des victimes.” World History Edu. February 6, 2025. https://worldhistoryedu.com/bals-des-victimes/
Brandon, Ruth. Surreal Lives: The Surrealists, 1917-1945 (Grove Press, 2000).
“Chapter 3.0: Intrinsic Resource Assessment.” Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway: Delaware. 2012. https://deldot.gov/Programs/byways/pdfs/railroad_cmp/Chapter3-ResourceAssessment.pdf
“Committee of Public Safety.” Britannica. October 10, 2023. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Committee-of-Public-Safety
Cripps, Ed. “Party Animals: The Rothschild Surrealist Ball.” The Rake. November 2023. https://therake.com/us/stories/party-animals-the-rothschild-surrealist-ball
“Enamel in history: The Cups of the Khodynka Tragedy.” Creativ Kreis International. [n.d.] https://cki.altervista.org/CupsOfKhodynka22ott15.pdf
“Fashion During the French Revolution.” Library of Congress Research Guides. [n.d.] https://guides.loc.gov/women-in-the-french-revolution/fashion-jewelry-hair-bal-des-victimes-gothic-fantastic
“French Revolution Key Facts.” Britannica. June 21, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/summary/French-Revolution-Key-Facts
Gasyna, Sarah Nixon. “Looking like Death: dress and allegory at the bals de victimes.” In David Wilson (ed.), The Great Divide?: the impact of the French Revolution on dance, costume and culture (Early Dance Circle, 2004).
“Gave a Ghost Party.” The Evening Journal [Wilmington, Delaware]. September 27, 1901. https://www.newspapers.com/image/153945871/
Gerasimov, Ilya, Sergey Glebov, and Marina B. Mogilner, with Alexander Semyonov. A New Imperial History of Northern Eurasia, 1700-1918: From Russian to Global History, Volume 2 (Bloomsbury, 2025).
Greene, Emma. “The Dark History of the ‘Guillotine Cut,’ the Short Haircut All the Cool Kids Want.” Fashionista. August 2, 2024. https://fashionista.com/2024/08/guillotine-cut-short-hair-trend
Harper, Paul A.K. “1797 Les Bals Des Victimes.” Géricault Life. May 2022. https://gericaultlife.com/1797-bals-des-victimes/
Higonnet, Anne. Liberty Equality Fashion: The Women Who Styled the French Revolution (W.W. Norton, 2024).
“Imperial Splendor: Artifacts from Tsar Nicholas II’s Coronation.” Russian History Museum. May 6, 2024. https://www.russianhistorymuseum.org/2024/05/06/tsar-nicholas-coronation/
“In the Rothschild Manner, a Simple Dinner for 150 Close Friends.” The New York Times. December 17, 1972. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1972/12/17/93425471.html?pageNumber=70
“Inside the Rothschilds’ Legendary Surrealist Ball.” Artnet. February 19, 2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/rothschild-surrealist-ball-2602119
Karsner, Kathleen Hunn. Wildcat and the Hunn Family (Alan L. Jones, 2009).
“The Khodynka Tragedy: The horrifying chaos at Tsar Nicholas II’s coronation.” History Skills. [n.d.] https://www.historyskills.com/classroom/modern-history/khodynka-tragedy/
King, Greg. The Court of the Last Tsar: Pomp, Power and Pageantry in the Reign of Nicholas II (Turner Publishing Company, 2008).
“Madame Sherri.” Chesterfieldhistoricalsociety-Nh.org, 2025, www.chesterfieldhistoricalsociety-nh.org/madame-sherri.
Mark, Harrison W. “Fall of Maximilien Robespierre.” World History Encyclopedia. November 30, 2022. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2119/fall-of-maximilien-robespierre/
Mark, Harrison W. “Reign of Terror.” World History Encyclopedia. November 1, 2022. https://www.worldhistory.org/Reign_of_Terror/
Mark, Harrison W. “Revolt of Lyon.” World History Encyclopedia. November 9, 2022. https://www.worldhistory.org/Revolt_of_Lyon/
McGuire, Peter. “What Caused the Khodynka Tragedy?” Unlikely Explanations. January 10, 2022. https://www.unlikelyexplanation.com/post/what-caused-the-khodynka-tragedy
Miller, J.L. “One-time haven of slaves for sale.” The News Journal [Wilmington, DE]. August 9, 2001. https://www.newspapers.com/image/164828385/
“A moment in Hair-Story: The Guillotine Haircut.” Wild History. August 24, 2019. https://haggishistory.home.blog/2019/08/24/a-moment-in-hair-story-the-guillotine-haircut/
“Reign of Terror.” Britannica. August 29, 2025. https://www.britannica.com/event/Reign-of-Terror
“The Rothschild Surrealist Ball.” 2WO+1NE=2. January 22, 2025. https://2plus1equals2.substack.com/p/the-rothschild-surrealist-ball
Rothstein, Benjamin. “Camden historian recounts local legend John Hunn’s role in the underground railroad.” Bay To Bay News. February 22, 2024. https://baytobaynews.com/stories/camden-historian-recounts-local-legend-john-hunns-role-in-the-underground-railroad,128685
Schechter, Ronald. “Gothic Thermidor: The Bals des victimes, the Fantastic, and the Production of Historical Knowledge in Post-Terror France.” Representations 61, Winter 1998: pp. 78-94.
Sorokin, Vladimir (trans. Jamey Gambrell). “Farewell to the Queue.” Words Without Borders. September 4, 2008. https://wordswithoutborders.org/read/article/2008-09/farewell-to-the-queue/
“The Surrealist Ball of ’72.” Kids of Dada. [n.d.] https://www.kidsofdada.com/blogs/magazine/9840568-the-surrealist-ball-of-72
Szmidt, Ben. “Little known piece of First State history emerging at Wildcat Manor.” Delaware Public Media. February 24, 2013. https://www.delawarepublic.org/2013-02-24/little-known-piece-of-first-state-history-emerging-at-wildcat-manor
Ulz, Eva. “Fashion Victime.” Circa. May 17, 2011. http://circa.evaulz.com/history/fashion-victime/
“Weird Ghost Party.” The Morning News [Wilmington, DE]. September 27, 1901. https://www.newspapers.com/image/153832201/
“Wildcat Manor.” Underground Railroad Coalition of Delaware. [n.d]. https://tubmanbywayde.org/site/wildcat-manor/
Wilson, Justin. “Wildcat Manor: Home of the Abolitionist Hunn Family.” Quaker Hill Quill. July 2017. https://quakerhillhistoric.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Quill-VI-2C.pdf
Witte, Sergei (trans. Sidney Harcave). The Memoirs of Count Witte (Routledge, 2015).
Wortman, Richard. Scenarios of Power: From Alexander II to the Abdication of Nicholas II (Princeton University Press, 1995).
Sources from Legends 82
Adler, Shelley R. Sleep Paralysis: Night-Mares, Nocebos, and the Mind-Body Connection. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2011. https://archive.org/details/sleep_paralysis_night-mares_nocebos_mind-body_connection/page/n4/mode/1up.
Adler, Shelley R. “Terror in Transition: Hmong Folk Belief in America”. In Out of the Ordinary: Folklore and the Supernatural. Edited by Barbara Walker. 180-202. Logan: Utah State University Press, 1995.
Andersen, Hans Christian. “Ole Lukoie”. Translated by Jean Hersholt. H. C. Andersen Centret. https://web.archive.org/web/20190327124401/http:/www.andersen.sdu.dk/vaerk/hersholt/OleLukoie_e.html.
Ben-Amos, Dan. “From Eden to Ednah–Lilith in the Garden,” Biblical Archaeology Review 42.3 (2016):54-58, 65.
Briggs, Robin. “Witch 197, Claudatte and Dieudonnée Henry.” Lorraine Witchcraft Trials. https://witchcraft.history.ox.ac.uk/pdf/w197.pdf.
Briggs, Robin. “Witch 202, Penthecoste Miette”. Lorraine Witchcraft Trials. https://witchcraft.history.ox.ac.uk/pdf/w202.pdf.
Briggs, Robin. “Witch 260, Jennon Ydoulx”. Lorraine Witchcraft Trials. https://witchcraft.history.ox.ac.uk/pdf/w260.pdf.
Briggs, Robin. Witches & Neighbors: The Social and Cultural Context of European Witchcraft. New York: Penguin Books, 1996.
Briggs, Robin. “Witchcraft and Popular Mentality in Lorraine, 1580-1630”. In Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance. Edited by Brian Vickers. 337-349. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Briggs, Robin. The Witches of Lorraine. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Cox, Ann M. “Sleep Paralysis and Folklore”. JRSM Open 6, n. 7 (July 2015). https://doi.org/10.1177/2054270415598091.
Davies, Owen. “The Nightmare Experience, Sleep Paralysis, and Witchcraft Accusations”. Folklore 114, n. 2 (Aug 2003): 181-203. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30035099.
Diemerbroeck, Ysbrand van. "The anatomy of human bodies, comprehending the most modern discoveries and curiosities in that art to which is added a particular treatise of the small-pox & measles : together with several practical observations and experienced cures ... / written in Latin by Ijsbrand de Diemerbroeck ... ; translated from the last and most correct and full edition of the same, by William Salmon ..." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A35961.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections.
Edwards, Kathryn A., editor. Werewolves, Witches, and Wandering Spirits: Traditional Belief & Folklore in Early Modern Europe. Kirksville: Truman State University Press, 2002. https://archive.org/details/werewolveswitche00kath/page/12/mode/2up?q=bed
Gaines, Janet Howe. “Lilith: Seductress, Heroine or Murderer?”. Bible Archaeology Society. 7/3/2025. https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/people-in-the-bible/lilith/.
H., Sian. “12 Curious Canadian Folklore Stories of Myths, Monsters, and Secrets You’ve Never Heard.” Mythfolks. 10/25/2024. https://www.mythfolks.com/canadian-folklore#le-bonhomme-sept-heures.
Hoffmann, E.T.A. “The Sandman”. Translated by John Oxenford. Virginia Commonwealth University. https://archive.vcu.edu/germanstories/hoffmann/sand_e.html.
Jaffray, Sarah. “The Cures and Demons of Sleep Paralysis”. Wellcome Collection. 5/11/2016. https://wellcomecollection.org/stories/sleep-paralysis-a-brief-history-of-fear-treatment-and-artistic-creativity.
Jalal, Baland, et al. “Beliefs About Sleep Paralysis in Turkey: Karabasan attack”. Transcultural Psychiatry 58, n. 3 (2021): 414-426.
Jalal, Baland, et al. “Sleep Paralysis in Italy: Frequency, Hallucinatory Experiences, and Other Features”. Transcultural Psychiatry 58, n. 3 (March 31, 2020): 427-439.
Kompanje, E. J. O. “‘The Devil Lay Upon Her and Held Her Down’: Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Sleep Paralysis Described by the Dutch Physician Isbrand van Diemerbroeck (1609-1674) in 1664”. Journal of Sleep Research 27 (2008): 464-467. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2869.2008.00672.X.
Lashkow, Sarah. “The Original ‘Nightmare’ was a Demon that Sat on Your Chest and Suffocated You.” Atlas Obscura. 10/23/2017. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/original-nightmare-demon-suffocation-night-terror.
Lee, Star. “Unexplained Deaths Inspried a Nightmare on Elm Street”. Hmong American Experience. 10/31/2022. https://hmongamerican.org/unexplained-deaths-inspired-a-nightmare-on-elm-street/.
"Lorraine, Duchy of ." Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lorraine-duchy.
Mather, Cotton. The Wonders of the Invisible World. Being an Account of the Tryals of Several Witches Lately Executed in New-England. London: John Russel Smith, 1862. https://archive.org/details/wondersinvisibl00mathgoog/page/n10/mode/2up?q=martin.
McNeil, Megan. “Sleep Myths: The Sandman”. Sleepopolis. 7/27/2023. https://sleepopolis.com/education/sleep-myths-the-sandman/.
Mythfolks. “Pisadeira: A Creature of Nightmares (and a Cautionary Tale about Overeating) from Brazilian Folklore.” Mythfolks. 12/4/2024. https://www.mythfolks.com/la-pisadeira.
NeuroLaunch Editorial Team. “Sleep Paralysis and the Hag Phenomenon: Exploring Night Terrors and Cultural Myths”. NeuroLaunch. 8/26/2024. https://neurolaunch.com/the-hag-sleep-paralysis/.
Norman, Mark, and Tracey Norman. Dark Folklore. Gloucestershire: The History Press, 2021. Accessed via: https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dark_Folklore/q3EyEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=narcolepsy+folklore&pg=PT26&printsec=frontcover.
Olunu, Esther, et al. “Sleep Paralysis, A Medical Condition with a Diverse Cultural Interpretation”. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research 8, n. 3 (July-Sept 2018): 137-142. DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR_19_18.
Ortega, Kassandra. “Demonolatry and Lorraine: Witch Trials of the Late Sixteenth Century.” The UCSB Undergraduate Journal of History 1, n. 1 (Spring 2021): 109-123. https://live-undergradjournal-history-ucsb-edu-v01.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Ortega.2021..pdf.
R. de Sá, José, and Sérgio A Mota-Rolim. “Sleep Paralysis in Brazilian Folklore and Other Cultures: A Brief Review”. Frontiers in Psychology 7, n. 1294 (Sept 2016): 1-8). DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01294.
Sauter, Megan. “Lilith in the Bible and Mythology”. Biblical Archaeology Society. 8/15/2024.
“The Seven O’Clock Man: The French-Canadian Bogeyman”. Strange New England. 7/18/2015. https://strangenewengland.com/2015/07/18/7-oclock-man-bogeyman-maine/.
Sharpless, Brian, and Karl Doghramji. Sleep Paralysis: Historical, Psychological, and Medical Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Shields, Jesslyn. “Who Is the Sandman?” How Stuff Works. 7/12/2024. https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/who-is-sandman.htm.
“Superstitions in Newfoundland”. The Journal of American Folklore 9, n. 24 (July - Sept. 18960: 222-223. https://www.jstor.org/stable/533410?origin=crossref&seq=1.
Wing, Yun-Kwok, et al. “Sleep Paralysis in Chinese: Ghost Oppression Phenomenon in Hong Kong”. Sleep 17, n. 7 (1994): 609-613.
Yoshimura, Ayako. “To Believe and Not to Believe: A Native Ethnography of Kanashibari in Japan”. The Journal of American Folklore 128, n 508 (Spring 2015): 146-148).
Sources from Lore 308
Alexander, Kathy. “Confederate Graves on the Old Natchez Trace, Mississippi.” Legends of America. November 2024. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ms-oldtraceconfedgraves/
Alexander, Kathy. “The Mysterious Death of Meriwether Lewis.” Legends of America. July 2025. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ah-meriwetherlewis/
Alexander, Kathy. “Natchez Trace – Traveled For Thousands of Years.” Legends of America. May 2024. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ms-natcheztrace/
Alexander, Kathy. “Samuel ‘Wolfman’ Mason Takes on the Natchez Trace.” Legends of America. October 2023. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-samuelmason/
Alexander, Kathy. “The Vicious Harpes – First American Serial Killers.” Legends of America. October 2023. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-harpes/
Alexander, Kathy. “The Witch Dance of the Natchez Trace, Mississippi.” Legends of America. May 2023. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ms-witchdance/
Botkin, B.A. (ed.). A Treasury of Mississippi River Folklore: Stories, Ballads, Traditions and Folkways of the Mid-American River Country (Crown Publishers, 1955).
Cox, Dale. “Unknown Confederate Graves - Natchez Trace, Mississippi.” ExploreSouthernHistory.com. 2011. https://exploresouthernhistory.com/tracegraves.html
Daniels, Jonathan. The Devil’s Backbone: The Story of the Natchez Trace (McGraw-Hill, 1962).
Federal Writers' Project of the Work Projects Administration for the State of Kentucky. Kentucky: A Guide to the Bluegrass State (Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1939).
Gale, Kira. “Why I Believe Meriwether Lewis Was Assassinated.” History News Network. June 28, 2015. https://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/why-i-believe-meriwether-lewis-was-assassinated
Galloway, Patricia. Choctaw Genesis: 1500-1700 (University of Nebraska Press, 1995).
Kay, Karen. “10 Ghost Stories From the Natchez Trace Parkway.” HubPages. August 1, 2022. https://discover.hubpages.com/holidays/witch-trails-and-land-pirates
“Madame Sherri.” Chesterfieldhistoricalsociety-Nh.org, 2025, www.chesterfieldhistoricalsociety-nh.org/madame-sherri.
“Meriwether Lewis.” Lewis County Museum of Natural History. [n.d.]
“Mystery on the Trace: The Death of Meriwether Lewis.” Explore the Natchez Trace. [n.d.] https://www.scenictrace.com/mystery-on-the-trace-the-death-of-meriwether-lewis/
“Natchez Trace: History & Culture.” National Parks Service. January 6, 2024. https://www.nps.gov/natr/learn/historyculture/index.htm
“Natchez Trace: Trail of Tears on the Natchez Trace.” National Parks Service. November 27, 2023. https://www.nps.gov/natr/learn/historyculture/trail-of-tears-on-the-natchez-trace.htm
Ray, Janisse. “‘First, Tell The Truth.’” National Parks Conservation Association. Fall 2022. https://www.npca.org/articles/3269-first-tell-the-truth
Ress, Thomas V. “Natchez Trace.” Encyclopedia of Alabama. March 27, 2025. https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/natchez-trace/
Rothert, Otto A. The Outlaws of Cave-in-Rock: Historical Accounts of the Famous Highwaymen and River Pirates who operated in Pioneer Days upon the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and over the old Natchez Trace (The Arthur H. Clark Company, 1924).
Ruffin, Jason. “Crawling Up the Devil's Backbone: A Ghostly Pilgrimage Up the Old Natchez Trace.” Country Roads. September 30, 2024. https://countryroadsmagazine.com/travel/crawling-up-the-devil-s-backbone/
Semmer, Blythe. “Micajah ‘Big’ and Wiley ‘Little’ Harpe.” Tennessee Encyclopedia. March 1, 2018. http://tnency.utk.tennessee.edu/entries/micajah-and-wiley-harpe/
Smith, Carter F. “Samuel Mason: Revolutionary Turncoat or Opportunistic Pirate?” Journal of the American Revolution. February 25, 2025. https://allthingsliberty.com/2025/02/samuel-mason-revolutionary-turncoat-or-opportunistic-pirate/
Starrs, James E., and Kira Gale. The Death of Meriwether Lewis: A Historic Crime Scene Investigation (River Junction Press, 2009).
Steed, Bud. The Haunted Natchez Trace (Haunted America, 2012).
Tabler, Dave. “The Harpes—Two Outlaws of Pioneer Times.” Appalachian History. April 11, 2019. https://www.appalachianhistory.net/2019/04/the-harpes-two-outlaws-of-pioneer-times.html
Wellman, Paul I. Spawn of Evil: The Invisible Empire of Soulless Men Which For a Generation Held the Nation in a Spell of Terror (Doubleday & Company, 1964).
Wilhelm, Robert. “Big Harpe and Little Harpe.” Murder by Gaslight. October 24, 2010. https://www.murderbygaslight.com/2010/10/big-harpe-and-little-harpe.html
Wortham, April. “Tracing history.” Tuscaloosanews.com. April 7, 2006. https://www.tuscaloosanews.com/story/news/2006/09/07/tracing-history/27686780007/
Sources from Legends 81
“Angelo Hays.” Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/225291090/angelo-hays.
Baigent, Francis Joseph, and James Elwin Millard. A History of the Ancient Town and Manor of Basingstoke in the County of Southampton; with a Brief Account of the Siege of Basing House, A. D. 1643-1645. Basingstoke: C. J. Jacob, 1889. https://archive.org/details/cu31924017840772/page/162/mode/1up?q=blunden.
Bondeson, Jan. Buried Alive: The Terrifying History of Our Most Primal Fear. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 2001.
“Designs on Death”. Evening Chronicle. 8/27/1990. Page 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/803525790/?match=1&terms=%22angelo%20hays%22.
Hadwen, Walter R., William Tebb, and Edward Perry Vollum. Premature Burial and How It May be Prevented. 2nd Edition. London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1905. https://archive.org/details/b28104730/page/46/mode/1up?q=ring.
Hartmann, Franz. Buried Alive: An Examination Into the Occult Causes of Apparent Death, Trance and Catalepsy. Boston: Occult Publishing, 1895. https://books.google.com/books?id=KX1IAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=true.
Mackay, G. Eric. “Premature Burials”. Popular Science Monthly 16 (): 389-97. https://archive.org/details/popularsciencemo16newy/page/388/mode/2up.
O’Malley, C. D. Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514-1564. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964.
O’Malley, C. Donald. “Andreas Vesalius’ Pilgrimage”. Isis 45, n. 2 (July 1954): 138-144.
Misson, Maximilien. A New Voyage to Italy. With Curious Observations on Several Other Countries; As, Germany; Switzerland; Savoy; Flanders; and Holland. Together, with Useful Instructions for Those Who Shall Travel Thither. In Four Volumes. Volume 1, Part 1. Fourth Edition. London, 1714. https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_a-new-voyage-to-italy-w_misson-maximilien_1714_1/page/n3/mode/1up?q=graves.
Parsons, Brian. “Premature Burial and the Undertakers”. In Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Mortality and Its Timings: When is Death? Edited by Shane McCorristine. Kindle Edition. Palgrave Historical Studies in the Criminal Corpse and its Afterlife. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
Pernick, Martin S. “Back from the Grave: Recurring Controversies over Defining and Diagnosing Death in History.” In Death: Beyond Whole Brain Criteria. Edited by Richard M. Zaner. Pages 17-74. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.
Petawabano, Emily-Ann. “A Premature Burial with a Happy Ending”. Spine Online. https://spineonline.co/dark-history/2023/9/22/emilyann-3bzk4.
Pliny the Elder. The Natural History. Translated by John Bostock and H. T. Riley. London: Taylor and Francis, 1855.
Sarton, George. “The Death and Burial of Vesalius, and, Incidentally, of Cicero.” Isis 45, n. 2 (July 1954): 131-137.
“The Tale of the Twice-Buried Alive Woman”. Basingstoke Gazette. 6/28/2018. https://www.basingstokegazette.co.uk/news/16321080.the-tale-of-the-twice-buried-alive-woman/.
Walsh, David. Premature Burial: Fact or Fiction? London: Baillière Tindall and Cox, 1897. https://archive.org/details/prematureburialf00wals/page/n4/mode/1up.
Werner, Fred. “Buried Alive!”. The Sunday People (London, England). 4/22/1979. Pages 24-25. https://www.newspapers.com/image/893638682/?terms=%22angelo%20hays%22.
Wilkins, Robert. The Fireside Book of Death: Treasure Trove of the Macabre. London: Robert Hale Limited, 1990. Kindle Edition.
Winslow, Jacques-Benigne. The Uncertainty of the Signs of Death, and the Danger of Precipitate Interments and Dissections. Dublin: George Faulkner, 1748. https://archive.org/details/b32999239/page/1/mode/1up/
“Worldly Whirl”. The San Francisco Examiner. 11/17/1974. Page 24. https://www.newspapers.com/image/460700823/?match=1&terms=%22angelo%20hays%22.
Sources from Legends 80
https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/procter-gamble-satan-conspiracy-theory
https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-herald-ghost-bus-of-death-corner/136703777/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-sentinel-horror-of-the-ghost-bus/136703984/
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/183491961/ian-james-beaton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_General_Omnibus_Company
https://www.newspapers.com/article/westminster-and-pimlico-news-londons-gh/136703875/
https://seeksghosts.blogspot.com/2016/07/londons-phantom-bus.html
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-the-ghost-bus-of-k/136703679/
https://www.newspapers.com/image/1022878652/?match=1&terms="bunny man”
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-minneapolis-star/32013729/
https://www.newspapers.com/image/1042286588/?match=1&terms="bunny man”
https://www.newspapers.com/image/922858664/?match=1&terms="bunny man”
https://www.newspapers.com/image/1042218776/?match=1&terms="bunny man”
https://www.newspapers.com/image/769456945/?match=1&terms="bunny man”
https://www.newspapers.com/image/1103105242/?match=1&terms="bunny man”
https://www.newspapers.com/image/1028089179/?match=1&terms="bunny man”
https://paranormal-strange.fandom.com/wiki/Bandage_Man_of_Cannon_Beach
Helm, Mike. Oregon Ghosts and Monsters. (Rainy Day Press, 1983). Pp 55 - 67.
https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/oregon/bandage-man-ghost-story-or/
https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/kays-cross-utah-legend-truth
http://kayscross.blogspot.com/2019/10/halloween-2019-treat-kingston-order.html
http://kayscross.blogspot.com/2016/11/boynton-road-owners.html
https://books.google.com/books?id=5dguvc3MitQC&pg=PT35#v=onepage&q=kay's cross&f=false
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-08-08-mn-21747-story.html
https://www.sltrib.com/news/2024/03/02/kingston-polygamist-sect/
Sources from Lore 306
“About Labyrinths.” Labyrinth Resource Group. [n.d.] https://labyrinthresourcegroup.org/what-are-labyrinths/
Atsma, Aaron J. “Minotauros.” Theoi Project. [n.d.] https://www.theoi.com/Ther/Minotauros.html
Bounford, Julie E. The Curious History of Mazes: 4,000 Years of Fascinating Twists and Turns (Wellfleet Press, 2018).
“A Brief History of Nordic Labyrinths.” National Nordic Museum. August 26, 2021. https://nordicmuseum.org/news/a-brief-history-of-nordic-labyrinths
Brooke, S.C. “The Labyrinth Pattern In India.” Folklore 64(4), December 1953: pp. 463-472.
Brooke-Hitching, Edward. The Devil's Atlas: An Explorer's Guide to Heavens, Hells and Afterworlds (Chronicle Books, 2022).
“Buda Labyrinth: Haunted Tunnels Below Budapest.” Amy’s Crypt. November 21, 2018. https://amyscrypt.com/buda-labyrinth-haunted-budapest/
“Buda’s Old Castle Honeycombed with Tunnels.” The Advertiser [Adelaide, AUS]. April 8, 1939. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1050534012/
Busi, Dóra. “5 popular destinations in Hungary haunted by ghosts.” Daily News Hungary. May 20, 2024. https://dailynewshungary.com/popular-destinations-haunted-by-ghosts/
Cartwright, Mark. “Xibalba.” World History Encyclopedia. October 21, 2014. https://www.worldhistory.org/Xibalba/
“Chakra-Vyuha: A Military Marvel.” Bharatbarsha – A Living Legend. July 31, 2009. https://legendofbharatbarsha.home.blog/2019/07/31/military-brilliance/
“clue (n.).” Etymonline. [n.d.] https://www.etymonline.com/word/clue
Dood, Penelope Reed. The Idea of the Labyrinth from Classical Antiquity through the Middle Ages (Cornell University Press, 2019).
Eichberg, Henning. “The Labyrinth of the City – Fractal Movement and Identity.” Caerdroia 34, 2004: pp. 44-54.
Eisenberg, Michael. “Performing the Passion: Music, Ritual, and the Eastertide Labyrinth.” TRANS: Revista Transcultural de Música 13, 2009. https://www.sibetrans.com/trans/articulo/59/performing-the-passion-music-ritual-and-the-eastertide-labyrinth
“Exploration of Dracula' s chamber underneath Castle Hill, Budapest, Hungary.” Travel Explorations. [n.d.] http://www.travelexplorations.com/exploration-of-dracula-s-chamber-underneath-castle-hill-budapest-hungary.5758522.html
“Exploring the Majestic Castle Hill in Budapest: A Historical Gem.” Buda Castle. [n.d.] https://www.budacastle.hu/history-of-buda-castle/
Fagerström, Christina. “Labyrinth routes around the Middle Age Baltic Sea.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Gothenburg. 2022. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/78221/Master Christina Fagerström VT22G, ARKIV.pdf?sequence=1
Frederick, Sharonah Esther. Unholy Rebellion, Killing the Gods: Political Ideology and Insurrection in the Mayan Popul Vuh and the Andean Huarochiri Manuscript (University of Nebraska Press, 2024),
Greene, Thomas M. “Labyrinth Dances in the French and English Renaissance.” Renaissance Quarterly 54(4, part 2), Winter 2001: pp. 1403-1466.
Herodotus, trans. G. C. Macaulay. The History of Herodotus (MacMillan and Co., 1890).
“History.” Sziklakórház. [n.d.] https://www.sziklakorhaz.eu/en/history
James, John. “The Mystery of the Great Labyrinth, Chartres Cathedral.” Studies in Comparative Religion 11(2), Spring 1977: pp. 92-115.
Kern, Hermann. Through the Labyrinth: Designs and Meanings over 5,000 Years (Prestel, 2000).
Kovács, Zsóka. “9 things you might want to know about the Buda Castle.” Daily News Hungary. July 28, 2018. https://dailynewshungary.com/9-things-you-might-want-to-know-about-the-buda-castle/
“labyrinth(n.).” Etymonline. [n.d.] https://www.etymonline.com/word/labyrinth
“Labyrinths Overview.” The Labyrinth Society. [n.d.] https://labyrinthsociety.org/labyrinths-overview/
Lamb, Robert. “The Myth of the Minotaur, the Legendary Beast We Can't Forget.” HowStuffWorks. May 15, 2020. https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/minotaur.htm
Laskow, Sarah. “The Lost Tradition of Playing Ball in Church to Celebrate Easter.” Atlas Obscura. March 29, 2018. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/medieval-easter-tradition-playing-ball
Luis, Mireia Movellán. “Rise and Fall of the Mighty Minoans.” National Geographic. [n.d.] https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/Minoan_Crete
“Mahabharata: the Ancient Indian Epic.” YouTube, uploaded by World History Encyclopedia. August 20, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh4OxzEFFzA
Matthews, William Henry. Mazes and Labyrinths: A General Account of Their History and Developments (Longmans, Green and Co, 1922).
“The Maya Underworld: Xibalba and the Afterlife.” MexicoHistorico.com. [n.d.] https://www.mexicohistorico.com/paginas/The-Maya-Underworld--Xibalba-and-the-Afterlife.html
“Media Fact Sheet.” University of Oxford. [n.d.] https://ese.edu.gr/wp-content/uploads/media/news/2009_10/oxford_labyrinth/FactSheet_III.pdf
Mielczarek, Mariusz. “More on the Labyrinth on the Coins of Knossos.” Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization 17(17), December 2013: pp. 127-138.
Mingren, Wu. “The Legendary Cretan Labyrinth Cave: Inspiration for the Story of King Minos and the Labyrinth of the Minotaur?” Ancient Origins. October 24, 2015. https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/legendary-cretan-labyrinth-cave-inspiration-story-king-minos-and-labyrinth-020586
“Minotaur.” GreekMythology.com. [n.d.] https://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Monsters/Minotaur/minotaur.html
“The Minotaur in Greek Mythology.” Greek Legends and Myths. [n.d.] https://www.greeklegendsandmyths.com/minotaur.html
Morrison, Tessa. “The Labyrinthine Path of Pilgrimage.” Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture 1(3), 2003: pp. 1-8.
“Mythical Viking Sunstone Used for Navigation Was Real and Remarkably Accurate, New Study Shows.” Www.ancient-Origins.net, 6 Apr. 2018, www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/mythical-viking-sunstone-used-navigation-real-and-remarkably-accurate-new-021863.
Paija, Piritta. “Exploring the Sinister Legends of the Buda Castle Labyrinth.” Bizarre Globe Hopper. December 31, 2016. https://www.bizarreglobehopper.com/blog/2016/12/31/exploring-sinister-legends-buda-castle-labyrinth/
Patil, Sachin Bhagwan, and P.D. Sabale. “New Discovery of Stone Labyrinths in Western Maharashtra, India.” Caerdroia 50, 2021: pp. 4-10.
Pukli, Zoltán. “Labyrinth of Buda Castle: Underground Mysteries – Wander Through the Fascinating Underground Labyrinth Beneath Castle HillLabyrinth [sic] of Buda Castle.” Hungary Unlocked. September 26, 2024. https://hungaryunlocked.com/labyrinth-of-buda-castle/
Saward, Jeff. “The Chartres Cathedral Labyrinth FAQ’s [sic].” Labyrinthos. 2017. https://www.labyrinthos.net/Chartres%20FAQs.pdf
Saward, Jeff. “Gotland Trojaborgs.” Labyrinthos. 2017. https://www.labyrinthos.net/Gotland%20Trojaborgs.pdf
Saward, Jeff. “Mazes or Labyrinths… What’s the difference & what types are there?” Labyrinthos. March 2017. https://www.labyrinthos.net/Labyrinth%20Typology.pdf
Sbardella, Amaranta. “The monstrous Minotaur riveted ancient Greece and Rome.” National Geographic. October 1, 2019. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/minotaur-in-greek-roman-mythology?loggedin=true&rnd=1755043102927
Schuster, Carl, and Edmund Carpenter. Patterns That Connect: Social Symbolism in Ancient & Tribal Art (Harry N. Abrams, 1996).
“The scientific origins of the Minotaur - Matt Kaplan.” YouTube, uploaded by TED-Ed. June 20, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aoIs-5zqoI
Shapland, Arthur. “Myths of the Labyrinth.” Ashmolean Museum. [n.d.] https://www.ashmolean.org/article/myths-of-the-labyrinth
“Simulation Suggests Viking Sunstones of Legend Could Have Worked.” Smithsonian Magazine, 9 Apr. 2019, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/simulation-suggest-legendary-viking-sunstones-could-have-worked-180968710/.
Soltész, István. Hungarian Royal Cities (GABO Publishing, 2000).
Stavans, Ilan. Popol Vuh: A Retelling (Restless Books, 2020).
Than, Krisztina. “Secret hospital lies dormant beneath Budapest.” Reuters. April 28, 2008. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hungary-hospital-idUSL2829059820080428/
“Trojaborg.” Atlas Obscura. October 11, 2018. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/trojaborg
Walker, Jennifer. “Dracula’s Chamber: The Dark Legend of Buda Castle Labyrinth.” Atlas Obscura. October 30, 2014. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/dracula-s-chamber-the-dark-legend-of-buda-castle-labyrinth
Williams, Di. Labyrinth: Landscape of the Soul (Wild Goose Publications, 2011).
“Xibalba, The Place of Fear.” Sangre Indigena Art. May 13, 2022. https://www.sangreindigenaart.com/popol-nah/xibalba-the-place-of-fear
“Xibalba: The Underworld in Maya Religion.” World History Edu. November 7, 2024. https://worldhistoryedu.com/xibalba-the-underworld-in-maya-religion/
Zádor, Judit. “Cave and cellar system.” The Castle of Buda. [n.d.] https://budavar.abtk.hu/en/streets-squares-buildings/cave-and-cellar-system.html
Zorbas, Alexios. “Comparative mythology: The labyrinth of Knossos.” Knossos Palace. [n.d.] https://knossos-palace.gr/comparative-mythology-the-labyrinth-of-knossos/
Sources from Legends 79
“Awful Loss of Life on the Gulf Coast!” The Waco Times-Herald. 9/10/1900. P.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/960334087/?match=1&terms=hurricane.
“Catholic Losses.” The Houston Post. 9/22/1900, p.7. https://www.newspapers.com/image/467654077/?match=1&terms=St.%20Mary%27s%20Orphan.
Chasing Shadows. “Tracking the Donkey Lady Beneath Donkey Lady Bridge.” San Antonio Current. 10/24/2011. https://www.sacurrent.com/news/tracking-the-donkey-lady-beneath-donkey-lady-bridge-2250764.
Coleman, Elaine. Texas Haunted Forts. Plano: Republic of Texas Press, 2001. Digital. https://archive.org/details/texashauntedfort0000cole/mode/2up.
Davenport, Harbert. “The Goliad Massacre: A Turning Point in the Texas Revolution.” Texas State Historical Association. Updated 3/22/2018. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/goliad-massacre.
De La Peña, José Enrique. With Santa Anna in Texas: A Personal Narrative of the Revolution. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2016. E-book.
7. Dennis, Jack. “Legend of the Donkey Lady Still Haunts the Woods at Elm Creek.” San Antonio Headlines Examiner. 10/30/2015, https://web.archive.org/web/20151031135834/http://www.examiner.com/article/legend-of-the-donkey-lady-still-haunts-the-woods-at-elm-creek.
Dillon, Lauren. “The Town Afraid of the Dark: The Texarkana Moonlight Murders.” Historic Mysteries. 9/17/2022.
“The Donkey Lady Bridge.” RJA Ghost Tours. N.d. https://www.rjaghosttours.com/the-donkey-lady-bridge.
“Donkey Lady of San Antonio.” Cryptid Wiki. n.d. https://cryptidz.fandom.com/wiki/Donkey_Lady_of_San_Antonio.
Doubtful Police Check Killer Clue.” Fort Worth Star-Telegram. 5/13/1946, p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/636286015/?match=1&terms=Phantom%20Killer.
Duval, John Crittenden. Early Times in Texas. Austin: H.P.N. Gammel & Co., Publishers, 1892. Digital. https://archive.org/details/earlytimesintex00duvagoog/mode/2up.
Ellis, Dusty. “Texas Cold Case: Texarkana Moonlight Murders.” Concho Valley Homepage. Updated 10/6/2022. https://www.conchovalleyhomepage.com/news/texas/texas-cold-case-texarkana-moonlight-murders/.
Frank, Nicholas. “The Donkey Lady, a San Antonio Legend, Now Haunts the Phone Lines.” San Antonio Report. 10/31/2018. https://sanantonioreport.org/the-donkey-lady-a-san-antonio-legend-now-haunts-the-phone-lines/.
“The Ghosts of St. Mary’s Orphanage.” Ghost City Tours. n.d. https://ghostcitytours.com/galveston/haunted-galveston/st-marys-orphanage/?srsltid=AfmBOoqCq0nr5HEQalUA4wXqfzApf8xO5aIEQaE4jK2xV9AreyDFrUu5.
“The Goliad Massacre.” Texas State Library and Archives Commission. n.d. https://www.tsl.texas.gov/treasures/republic/goliad/goliad.html.
Hedges, Anna. “The Donkey Lady Bridge: San Antonio’s Terrifying Folk Tale.” Texashillcountry.com. 8/31/2022. https://texashillcountry.com/donkey-lady-bridge-san-antonio/.
Hendricks, Nancy. “Texarkana Moonlight Murders.” Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Updated 6/16/2023. https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/texarkana-moonlight-murders-4478/.
History.com Editors. “1900 Galveston Hurricane.” History. A&E Television Networks. Updated 5/28/2025. https://www.history.com/articles/1900-galveston-hurricane.
“John C. Duval's Statement Concerning the Fannin Massacre.” Texas State Library and Archives Commission. N.d. https://www.tsl.texas.gov/treasures/republic/goliad/duval01.html.
Johnson, Brad. “Today in Texas History: Massacre at Goliad.” The Texan. 3/27/2020, https://thetexan.news/issues/social-issues-life-family/today-in-texas-history-massacre-at-goliad/article_edfdaa71-a6f4-5a8c-9184-eab7a7ea1b0b.html.
Johnson, Robert. “Old Applewhite Bridge.” Atlas Obscura. 5/20/2022. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/donkey-lady-bridge.
Klein, Christopher. “The Goliad Massacre—The Other Alamo.” History. A&E Television Networks. Updated 5/27/2025. https://www.history.com/articles/the-goliad-massacre-the-other-alamo.
“The Legend of Donkey Lady Bridge.” River City Ghosts. Updated 3/26/2025. https://rivercityghosts.com/the-legend-of-donkey-lady-bridge/.
Lawrence, Katie. “The Story Behind the Haunted Donkey Lady Bridge in Texas Will Send Chills Down Your Spine.” Only in Texas. Updated 9/19/2023. https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/experiences/texas/donkey-lady-bridge-tx.
Lucia. “Encyclopaedia of the Impossible: The Donkey Lady of San Antonio, Texas.” The Ghost in my Machine. 10/2/2023. https://theghostinmymachine.com/2023/10/02/encyclopaedia-of-the-impossible-the-donkey-lady-of-san-antonio-texas/.
Macdonald, Linda. “The Sisters of Charity Orphanage.” The 1900 Storm. n.d. https://www.1900storm.com/orphanage.html.
Mackintosh, Prudence. “Texarkana Murder Mystery.” Texas Monthly. December 2014. https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/texarkana-murder-mystery/.
Maya, Marcos. “Presidio La Bahia Haunted History in Goliad TX.” Ghost Texas. 8/21/2024. https://ghosttexas.com/presidio-la-bahia-haunted-history-in-goliad-tx/.
Moroney, Sister M. Declan. “History of St. Mary’s Orphanage in Galveston.” Texas State Historical Association. Updated 4/6/2019. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/st-marys-orphanage-galveston#:~:text=The%20orphanage%20remained%20at%20Green's,orphanage's%20ninety%2Dfour%20children%20survived.
Newton, Michael. The Encyclopedia of Unsolved Crime. Second Edition. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 2009. Digital. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofun0002newt/mode/2up.
“The 1900 Storm.” Galveston Historical Foundation. 9/6/2023. https://www.galvestonhistory.org/news/the-1900-storm.
“1900 Storm.” Galveston & Texas History Center. n.d. https://www.galvestonhistorycenter.org/research/1900-storm.
Nunley, Christopher. “The Hurricane That Still Haunts Galveston.” Spectrum News 1. 10/30/2021. https://spectrumlocalnews.com/tx/austin/weather/2021/10/09/spooky-season.
NWS Heritage Projects Editorial Staff. “Galveston Storm of 1900.” National Weather Service Heritage. n.d. https://vlab.noaa.gov/web/nws-heritage/-/galveston-storm-of-1900.
Oliva, John. “Texas Urban Legends: Goat People, Ghosts and More.” El Paso Times. 10/9/2022. p.B2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/980153816/.
“Original Site of St. Mary’s Orphan Asylum.” Galveston.com. n.d. https://www.galveston.com/whattodo/tours/self-guided-tours/historical-markers/original-site-st-marys-orphan-asylum/.
“Plenty of Invitations in Fearful Texarkana.” Fort Worth Star-Telegram. 5/13/1946, p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/636286015/?match=1&terms=Phantom%20Killer.
“Presidio La Bahía.” National Park Service. n.d. https://www.nps.gov/places/presidio-la-bahia.htm.
“Presidio La Bahia & the Goliad Massacre.” River City Ghosts. Updated 12/7/2024. https://rivercityghosts.com/presidio-la-bahia-the-goliad-massacre/.
“Presidio La Bahia State Historic Site.” Texas Historical Commission. n.d. https://texastimetravel.com/directory/presidio-la-bahia-state-historic-site/.
Presley, James. The Phantom Killer. New York: Pegasus Crime, 2014. E-book.
“Shocking Details of the Storm.” The Waco Times-Herald. 9/11/1900, pp.1,2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/960334230/?match=1&terms=Orphan%20Asylum.
Stephens, Sara G. “Portrait of a Legend: The Great Storm of 1900: St. Mary’s Orphan Asylum.” Houston Family Magazine. 12/31/2012. https://houstonfamilymagazine.com/features/portrait-of-a-legend-the-great-storm-of-1900-st-marys-orphan-asylum/#:~:text=As%20winds%20raged%20at%20150,their%20fate%20to%20God's%20will.
“Survivors of the Orphan Home.” The Houston Post. 9/15/1900, p.8. https://www.newspapers.com/image/467653784/.
“Texarkana Phantom Moonlight Murders Part 01.” Federal Bureau of Investigation. n.d. https://vault.fbi.gov/texarkana-phantom-moonlight-murders/Texarkana%20Phantom%20Moonlight%20Murders%20Part%2001/view.
“Texarkana Phantom Moonlight Murders Part 02 (Final).” Federal Bureau of Investigation. n.d. https://vault.fbi.gov/texarkana-phantom-moonlight-murders/Texarkana%20Phantom%20Moonlight%20Murders%20Part%2002%20%28Final%29/view.
“Texarkanans Go On Still Hunt for Phantom Killer.” The Tyler Courier-Times. 5/12/1946, pp.1, 3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/586853395/?match=1&terms=Phantom%20Killer.
Torrez, Mercedes Elaina. “Evoking the Shadow Beast: Disability and Chicano Advocacy in San Antonio’s Donkey Lady Folktale.” Contemporary Legend, Vol. 6, 2016, pp.1-16. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/cl/article/view/35111.
Treat, Wesley; Shade, Heather; and Riggs, Rob. Weird Texas. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., 2005. Digital. https://archive.org/details/weirdtexasyourtr0000trea/mode/2up.
Weems, John Edward. “The Galveston Storm of 1900.” The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Vol. 61, No. 4, 1958, pp.494-507. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30240830.
Yesterday’s America Editorial Team. “Ghosts of Galveston’s Great Storm.” Yesterday’s America. n.d. https://yesterdaysamerica.com/ghosts-of-galvestons-great-storm/.
Sources from Lore 305
“Ancient Origins Reconstructing the Story of Humanity’s Past.” Ancient Origins. June 9, 2022. www.ancient-origins.net/weird-facts/trial-weevils-0016872
Aptowicz, Cristin O’Keefe. “Could You Stomach the Horrors of ‘Halftime’ in Ancient Rome?” LiveScience. July 21, 2022. https://www.livescience.com/53615-horrors-of-the-colosseum.html
Baker, Dorothy Z. America's Gothic Fiction: The Legacy of Magnalia Christi Americana (The Ohio State University Press, 2007).
Banner, Stuart. The Death Penalty: An American History (Harvard University Press, 2002).
Bauman, Richard A. Crime and Punishment in Ancient Rome (Taylor & Francis, 2005).
Benson, Ted. “The Battle of the Century: Joe Louis vs. Jim Crow.” Sunday Worker. February 16, 1936, p. 8.
Berry, James. My Experiences As An Executioner (Percy Lund & Co., 1892).
Bligh, Anne. “Miscellaneous Dangers.” Old Ashburton. [n.d.] https://www.oldashburton.co.uk/miscellaneous-dangers---includes-the-supernatural.php
“The ‘Bloody Code’?” National Justice Museum. July 29, 2019. https://www.nationaljusticemuseum.org.uk/museum/news/what-was-the-bloody-code
Brandon, Craig. The Electric Chair: An Unnatural American History (McFarland, 1999).
Brouwers, Josho. “The death penalty in Athens.” Ancient World Magazine. April 6, 2018. https://www.ancientworldmagazine.com/articles/death-penalty-classical-athens/
Brown, Daniel. “‘Freedom Wears a Cap’: The Law, Liberty, and Opportunity for British Convict Servants in Virginia, 1718-1788.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University. 2010. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1079&context=etd
Brunner, Rob. “The Shocking History of DC’s Electric Chair.” Washingtonian. October 25, 2023. https://www.washingtonian.com/2023/10/25/the-shocking-history-of-dcs-electric-chair/
Bye, Raymond T. “Recent History and Present Status of Capital Punishment in the United States.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 17(2), August 1926: pp. 234-245.
Canevaro, Mirko, and Benjamin Gray (eds.). The Hellenistic Reception of Classical Athenian Democracy and Political Thought (Oxford University Press, 2018).
“Chinaman Is First Condemned Convict Executed With Gas.” The Columbus Daily Telegram. February 8, 1924. https://www.newspapers.com/image/428611623/
Christensen, Wendy. Empire of Ancient Egypt (Facts on File, 2005).
Christianson, Scott. The Last Gasp: The Rise and Fall of the American Gas Chamber (University of California Press, 2010).
Crowley, Michael. The Man They Couldn’t Hang: A Tale of Murder, Mystery and Celebrity (Waterside Press, 2010).
“Doomed Man Breaks From Electric Chair, but Dies.” The Desert Sun [Palm Springs, CA]. December 3, 1955. https://www.newspapers.com/image/747264544/
Dotinga, Randy. “Execution by gas has a brutal 100-year history. Now it’s back.” The Washington Post. January 24, 2024. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2024/01/24/gas-chamber-execution/
Dunlop, Tony. “John ‘Babbacombe’ Lee.” Devon Perspectives. [n.d.] https://www.devonperspectives.co.uk/john_babbacombe_lee.html
“Exponent of Ancient Chinese Killing Dies Modern Death by Gas.” The Pittsburgh Post. February 9, 1924. https://www.newspapers.com/image/88186551/
“Far Worse Than Hanging.” The New-York Times. August 7, 1890. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1890/08/07/103256332.html?pageNumber=1
“First Lethal Gas Victim Dies In Torture as Witnesses Quail.” The News and Observer [Raleigh, NC]. January 25, 1936. https://www.newspapers.com/image/651204776/
“Gee Jon’s Ghost.” Reno Evening Gazette. March 12, 1924. https://www.newspapers.com/image/147609220/
Gross SR, O'Brien B, Hu C, Kennedy EH. :Rate of false conviction of criminal defendants who are sentenced to death.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. May 20, 2014. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4034186/
Hearn, Daniel Allen. Legal Executions in New England: A Comprehensive Reference, 1623-1960 (McFarland, 1999).
Hearn, Daniel Allen. Legal Executions in North Carolina and South Carolina: A Comprehensive Registry, 1866-1962 (McFarland, 2015).
Hochschild, Adam. Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire’s Slaves (Mariner Books, 2020).
Hollingsworth, Biff, and Tim West. “Facing Controversy: Struggling With Capital Punishment In North Carolina.” UNC University Libraries. 2008. https://exhibits.lib.unc.edu/exhibits/show/capital-punishment/introduction
“Jackson Executed On Assault Count.” The Evening Star [Washington, D.C.]. May 29, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/618546701/
Jońca, Maciej. “Poena cullei as a purificatory ritual.” Historia Et Theoria Iuris 16(2), 2024: pp. 30-38.
Jouet, Mugambi. “Death Penalty Abolitionism from the Enlightenment to Modernity.” The American Journal of Comparative Law 71(1), Spring 2023: pp. 46-97.https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4034186/
Kim, Chin, and Theodore R. LeBlang. “The Death Penalty In Traditional China.” Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 5, 1975: pp. 77-105.
King, Martin Luther, Jr. Why We Can’t Wait (Beacon Press, 2011).
Kucharski, Jan. “Capital Punishment in Classical Athens.” Scripta Classica 12, 2015: pp. 13-28.
Kyle, Donald G. Spectacles of Death in Ancient Rome (Routledge, 2001).
Laurence, John. A History of Capital Punishment (The Citadel Press, 1963).
“The Man They Could Not Hang.” BBC. October 14, 2002. https://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/southwest/series1/john-babbacombe-lee.shtml
Margolick, David. “‘Save me, Joe Louis!’” Los Angeles Times. November 7, 2005. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-nov-07-oe-margolick7-story.html
Margolick, David. Beyond Glory: Joe Louis Vs. Max Schmeling, and a World on the Brink (Vintage Books, 2006).
Mark, Joshua J. “Ancient Egyptian Law.” World History Encyclopedia. October 2, 2017. https://www.worldhistory.org/Egyptian_Law/
Masur, Louis P. Rites of Execution: Capital Punishment and the Transformation of American Culture, 1776-1865 (Oxford University Press, 1989).
Melusky, Joseph A., and Keith Alan Pesto. Capital Punishment (Greenwood, 2011).
“Methods of Execution.” Death Penalty Information Center. [n.d.] https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions/methods-of-execution
Müller-Wollermann, Renate. “Crime and Punishment in Pharaonic Egypt. Near Eastern Archaeology 78(4), December 2015: pp. 228-235.
“Negro Rapist Fights Death 20 Minutes.” The Sumter Daily Item. December 2, 1955. https://www.newspapers.com/image/669014054/
“Negro Tears From Chair; Furiously Fights Guards.” The Pensacola Journal. December 3, 1955. https://www.newspapers.com/image/263145269/
Nicholas, Francine. “Egyptian History: Maintaining a Tight Grasp on Capital Punishment.” New Histories 3(5). March 15, 2012. https://newhistories.sites.sheffield.ac.uk/volumes/2011-12/volume-3/issue-5-crime-punishment/egyptian-history-maintaining-a-tight-grasp-on-capital-punishment
Parris, John A., Jr. “Death Row Upset On Execution Eve.” The News and Observer [Raleigh, NC]. January 24, 1936. https://www.newspapers.com/image/651204569/
“Past to Present: 100 Years Since the United States’ First Lethal Gas Execution, a Recently Renewed Practice.” Death Penalty Information Center. March 14, 2025. https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/past-to-present-100-years-since-the-united-states-first-lethal-gas-execution-a-recently-renewed-practice
Phillips, David. “The Storyteller: Tales of witches, haunted railway yards, pubs and former chapels.” Torbay Today. October 28, 2024. https://www.torbayweekly.co.uk/gallery/local-news/1636851/the-storyteller-tales-of-witches-haunted-railway-yards-pubs-and-former-chapels.html
Randa, Laura E. (ed.). Society’s Final Solution: A History and Discussion of the Death Penalty (University Press of America, 1997).
Rankin, Hugh F. “Criminal Trial Proceedings in the General Court of Colonial Virginia.” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 72(1), January 1964: pp. 50-74.
Robinson, O.F. Penal Practice and Penal Policy in Ancient Rome (Taylor & Francis, 2007).
Sarat, Austin. Gruesome Spectacles: Botched Executions and America’s Death Penalty (Stanford Law Books, 2014).
Seitz, Trina N. “The Killing Chair: North Carolina's Experiment in Civility and the Execution of Allen Foster.” The North Carolina Historical Review 81(1). January 2004: pp. 38-72.
Shoemaker, Robert. “Punishments, 1780-1925.” Digital Panopticon. [n.d.] https://www.digitalpanopticon.org/Punishments,_1780-1925
Siculus, Diodorus. The Library of History, vol. 1 (Loeb Classical Library, 1933).
Smith, Stephen Eliot. “‘Going Through All These Things Twice’: A Brief History of Botched Executions.” Otago Law Review 12, 2012: pp. 777-827.
“South Carolina Needs Gas Chamber.” The Times and Democrat [Orangeburg, SC]. December 16, 1955. https://www.newspapers.com/image/344850382
Storey, Neil R. Norfolk Murders (The History Press, 2012).
“Terrified Negro Faces First Gas Death Here.” The News and Observer [Raleigh, NC]. January 24, 1936. https://www.newspapers.com/image/651204569/
Ward, Richard (ed.). A Global History of Execution and the Criminal Corpse (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
Waugh, Ian. “The Penny Dreadful.” The Babbacombe Murder: Official Case Archive. [n.d.] https://babmurder.com/babbicombe-tragedy-penny-dreadful/
Webb, Simon. Execution: A History of Capital Punishment in Britain (The History Press, 2014).
Welch, Katherine E. The Roman Amphitheatre: From Its Origins to the Colosseum (Cambridge University Press, 2007).
Sources from Legends 78
Ahmad, Adil. “Where Kolkata’s Most Powerful Man Lived, Loved, Schemed and Fought.” The Telegraph Online. 4/24/2023. https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/where-kolkatas-most-powerful-man-lived-loved-schemed-and-fought/cid/1932047#goog_rewarded.
Ait-Hamouda, Amel. “Baghdad’s House of Wisdom: Uniting East and West to Pursue Knowledge.” Middle East Eye. 3/2/2023. https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/iraq-baghdad-house-wisdom-uniting-east-west.
“Andrew Gray.” Find A Grave. 4/1/2011. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/67756285/andrew-gray.
Andrews, Evan. “8 Legendary Ancient Libraries.” History.com. Updated 5/27/2025. https://www.history.com/articles/8-impressive-ancient-libraries.
Austin, Joanne. “Weird NJ: The Ghost of the Old Bernardsville Library.” App.com. 11/15/2015. https://www.app.com/story/news/local/new-jersey/weird-nj/2015/11/15/weird-nj-ghost-old-bernardsville-library/75822768/.
Barnes, Valerie; Grippo, Eileen; and Miller, Sheila. Bernardsville, NJ Historic Downtown Walking Tour. Barnardsville: Historic Preservation Advisory Committee & Friends of Historic Bernardsville, 2017. Digital. https://web.archive.org/web/20211219185443/https://www.bernardsvilleboro.org/_Content/pdf/flyers/Downtown-Bernardsville-Walking-Tour.pdf.
Bryan, William W. “Historical Sketch of the Peoria Public Library.” Peoria Public Library. 2014. Pp.3-27. https://peoriapubliclibrary.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/ppl-history-book.pdf.
Burke, Edmund. “Speech in the Impeachment of Warren Hastings.” Postcolonialisms: An Anthology of Cultural Theory and Criticism. Gaurav Desai and Supriya Nair, Editors. Oxford: Berg, 2005. pp.25-34. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Postcolonialisms/9MSBQcsVwvUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Warren+Hastings+impeachment&pg=PA25&printsec=frontcover.
“Capt John Parker.” Find A Grave. 10/10/2003. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7973010/john-parker.
Cartwright, Mark. “Warren Hastings.” World History Encyclopedia. 10/12/2022. https://www.worldhistory.org/Warren_Hastings/.
Chandra, Biplab Kumar, and Paul, Moutusi. “Early Tales of the Library: Assyrian Library.” Athena, Vol. VII, July 2023, pp.90-96. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Biplab-Chandra/publication/373142896_Early_Tales_of_Library_Assyrian_Library/links/64e367440453074fbda51401/Early-Tales-of-Library-Assyrian-Library.pdf.
“Close Range Blast At Chest Fatal to George P. M’Near.” The Rock Island Argus. 5/11/1947, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/568926255/?match=1&terms=George%20P.%20McNear.
“David Davis, Attorney and Counsellor at Law.” The Bloomington Observer and McLean County Advocate. 1/13/1838, p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/75503164/?match=1&terms=David%20Davis%E2%80%93Attorney%20at%20Law.
“Dewey Proposes Library Classification System.” Mass Moments. N.d. https://www.massmoments.org/moment-details/dewey-proposes-library-classification-system.html.
Dunne, John J. Haunted Ireland: Her Romantic and Mysterious Ghosts. Belfast: Appletree Press, 1989. Digital. https://archive.org/details/hauntedirelandhe0000dunn/mode/2up.
Dutta, Krishna. Calcutta: A Cultural and Literary History. Oxford: Signal Books, 2003. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Calcutta/UKfoHi5412UC?hl=en&gbpv=1.
“Erastus Swift Willcox.” Find A Grave. 6/23/2010. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/54056657/erastus_swift-willcox.
Estabrook, Leigh S, and Haider, Salman. “The History of Libraries.” Encyclopaedia Britannica. Updated 7/18/2025. https://www.britannica.com/topic/library/The-history-of-libraries.
“Fiction Excerpt 3: All Stories Are Anansi’s (A Tale From West Africa).” Core Knowledge. n.d. pp.1-3. https://www.coreknowledge.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/G1_U1_ContinentsCountriesMaps_FE3_Anansi_FOR-PDF.pdf
Fiedler, Lore. “Bernardsville Will Have a Ball with Phyllis’ Ghost.” The Courier-News. 1/25/1977, p.12. https://www.newspapers.com/image/222969360/?match=1&terms=Phyllis%20Parker%20ghost.
Fitzgerald, Genevieve. “Supernatural Dublin—Marsh’s Library.” Dublin Live. n.d. https://dublin.ie/live/stories/supernatural-dublin-marshs-library/.
Flanagan, Laura. “1700s—Ireland’s First Public Library.” Fingal County Council. N.d. https://www.fingal.ie/25th-anniversary-series-blog-2#:~:text=While%20serving%20as%20Archbishop%2C%20Marsh,on%20the%20task%20of%20housekeeping..
Giacomazzo, Bernadette. “The Story of Anansi, West Africa’s Legendary Spider-Man.” All That’s Interesting. Updated 9/30/2024. https://allthatsinteresting.com/anansi.
Haase, Donald, Editor. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Folktales & Fairy Tales. Volume 1: A-F. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008. Digital. https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_w7y9/mode/2up.
Haider, Salman. “Melvil Dewey.” Librarianship Studies & Information Technology. Updated 4/14/2025. https://www.librarianshipstudies.com/2019/02/melvil-dewey.html.
Hauck, Dennis William. The National Directory of Haunted Places. Sacramento: Athanor Press, 1994. Digital. https://archive.org/details/nationaldirector0000hauc/mode/2up.
“Haunted Libraries: Peoria Public Library.” The Witching Hour. 1/3/2014. https://4girlsandaghost.wordpress.com/2014/01/03/haunted-libraries-peoria-public-library/
“The Haunting in Marsh’s Library in Dublin.” Moon Mausoleum. 5/15/2024. https://moonmausoleum.com/the-haunting-in-marshs-library-in-dublin/.
Helen. “The Tragic Tale of Phyllis Parker.” BibliOccult. 11/6/2017. https://biblioccult.com/2017/11/06/363/.
“Hex Put on Property Where Library Stands.” Herald and Review. 10/31/1974, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/77254797/?match=1&terms=S.%20Patterson%20Prouse.
Hirst, K. Kris. “The Library of Ashurbanipal.” Thought Co. Updated 5/2/2025. https://www.thoughtco.com/library-of-ashurbanipal-171549.
“His Forgeries Were Enormous.” True Republican. 10/14/1905. https://idnc.library.illinois.edu/?a=d&d=STR19051014.2.9&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN----------.
“House of Wisdom.” Delhi University, pp.1-7. https://www.du.ac.in/du/uploads/departments/arabic/MA-Arabic-2nd-4th-Sem/IDC%20404%20A%20House%20of%20Wisdom.pdf.
“How Anansi Brought Stories to the World.” Storynory. n.d. https://www.storynory.com/how-anansi-brought-stories-to-the-world/.
“In Summary: How Anansi Won the World’s Stories.” Mythos. 2/24/2022. https://www.mythosblog.org/post/in-summary-how-anansi-won-the-world-s-stories.
“John Parker Tavern.” National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form. National Park Service. 5/10/1978. https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/5b767eaf-f903-417c-b65a-413b2186d1c2.
Kachuba, John B. Ghosthunting Illinois. Cincinnati: Clerisy Press, 2005. E-book.
Kells, Stuart. The Library: A Catalogue of Wonders. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Library/veAREAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1.
König, Alice. “Library Building Under Nerva, Trajan and Hadrian.” Working Papers on Nervan, Trajanic and Hadrianic Literature. 11/28/2012, pp.1-14. https://arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/literaryinteractions/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Library-Building-under-Nerva-Trajan-and-Hadrian3.pdf.
Lamkin, Virginia. “Old Bernardsville Public Library.” Seek Ghosts. 5/15/2015. https://seeksghosts.blogspot.com/2015/05/old-bernardsville-public-library.html.
Marcotte, Alison and Eberhart, George M. “Phantoms Among the Folios: A guide to Haunted Libraries.” American Libraries. 10/28/2015. https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2015/10/28/phantoms-among-folios-guide-to-haunted-libraries/.
Marshall, Emily Zobel. “From Messenger of the Gods to Muse of the People: The Shifting Contexts of Anansi’s Metamorphosis.” Jamaica Journal. 2008. pp.60-66. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32050352/Jamaica_Journal_2008_Article-libre.pdf?1391440759=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3D2008_From_Messenger_of_the_Gods_to_Muse.pdf&Expires=1754420395&Signature=LGo-70teUmVxjj33AfMkbLtVAywJqMXG~yLk0vJ~qNmOkjM1qarD9ED0ap8qjmwsYrjjI1WeB4qpN9cgIX3DH-Rq3n35TWlbnLWUHu2dRsgcPIk2b485TU3CTUjh0S52IsYrUSMAaGSADSFhThCDRzNVaXwQSO51SKMndwvI5r56YKV4zKgwUb~iVFgBOZvVCVkR-EQZvqKLToafLEmDho4tcxIfqPXUqKVzJaf0gIHA5xkZwIW6q9cbVh36ahWD4pSggRnH-3Fx3qnrCubw6ZqBfoU24KJyGlNeF-EY8GAoYNzXmddXPfiNzw1FSiErdBL0RFu9rev7Kpg2JD4-Kg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA.
“Marsh’s Library.” Spirited Isle. n.d. https://spiritedisle.ie/explore-listing/marshs-library/.
“Mary Gray.” Find A Grave. 4/1/2011. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/67756369/mary-gray.
McCarthy, Muriel. “Marsh, Narcissus.” Dictionary of Irish Biography. Updated October 2009. https://www.dib.ie/biography/marsh-narcissus-a5459.
McCarthy, Muriel. “Narcissus Marsh & His Library.” History Ireland Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 3, Autumn 1996. https://historyireland.com/narcissus-marsh-his-library/.
McCarthy, Stephanie E. Haunted Peoria. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2009. E-book.
“Melvil Dewey.” Children of the Code. n.d. https://childrenofthecode.org/code-history/dewey.htm.
Norman, Jeremy M. “The First National Code of Descriptive Cataloging—Early Use of Cards in Cataloging Books.” HistoryofInformation.com. Updated 6/11/2025. https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=2233.
“Parker, John.” Daughters of the American Revolution Genealogy Research. N.d. https://services.dar.org/public/dar_research/search_adb/?action=full&p_id=A087576.
Pandey, Jhimli Mukherjee. “Secret Chamber in National Library.” The Times of India. 5/20/2010. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/secret-chamber-in-national-library/articleshow/6957358.cms.
“Peoria Day at Kiwanis.” The Pantagraph. 4/15/1921, p.8. https://www.newspapers.com/image/69180771/?match=1&terms=Samuel%20Prouse.
“Peoria’s New Library Building.” The Chicago Chronicle. 4/1/1896, p.5. https://www.newspapers.com/image/668089562/?match=1&terms=Erastus%20Willcox.
Quinlan, Lauren. “Spooky Stacks: Viewing Haunted Libraries of the Midwest Through Library Postcards.” American Library Association Archives. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. 10/29/2020. https://www.library.illinois.edu/ala/2020/10/29/spooky-stacks-viewing-haunted-libraries-of-the-midwest-through-library-postcards/.
Radin, Paul, Editor. African Folktales & Sculpture. New York: Bollingen Foundation Inc., 1952. Digital. https://archive.org/details/africanfolktales0000unse_g7m8/mode/2up.
Riccio, Dolores and Bingham, Joan. Haunted Houses USA. New York: Pocket Books, 1989. Digital. https://archive.org/details/hauntedhousesusa0000ricc/mode/2up.
Satpathy, Kristi Saraswat. “India’s Most Haunted: National Library in Kolkata.” India.com. 5/30/2016. https://www.india.com/travel/articles/indias-most-haunted-national-library-in-kolkata-3233907/.
“Secret Sealed Room Found in India’s National Library.” The History Blog. 11/20/2010. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/8567#:~:text=Then%20in%201953%2C%203%20years,Hastings'%20at%20Belvedere%20House.).
Sengupta, Debaleena. “Room With No View.” Business Standard. 7/20/2013. https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/room-with-no-view-111052200021_1.html.
Sider, David. The Library of the Villa Dei Papiri at Herculaneum. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2005. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Library_of_the_Villa_Dei_Papiri_at_H/CvmSaLqG3oMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=villa+of+the+papyri+&pg=PP8&printsec=frontcover.
Smalley, Joseph. “The French Cataloging Code of 1791: A Translation.” The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy. Vol. 61, No. 1, 1991, pp.1-14. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4308539.
“Spring Poetry.” Henry News-Republican. 3/23/1905, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/756417574/?match=1&terms=S.%20Patterson%20Prouse.
Strom, Caleb. “The Celsus Library: 20,000 Scrolls Lost to History But Its Striking Architecture Remains.” Ancient Origins. 12/4/2016. https://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-europe/celsus-library-20000-scrolls-lost-history-its-striking-architecture-remains-021095.
“Students Decipher 2,000-Year-Old Herculaneum Scrolls.” National Endowment for the Humanities. 2/13/2024. https://www.neh.gov/news/students-decipher-2000-year-old-herculaneum-scrolls.
Taylor, Joanne Lea. “The Great Houses of Kolkata 1750-2006.” University of New South Wales. 2008, p.78. http://doi.org/10.26190/unsworks/19476
Taylor, Jonathan. “A Library Fit for a King.” The British Museum. 10/25/2018. https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/library-fit-king.
“University Events.” The Daily Illini. 4/12/1923, p.5. https://www.newspapers.com/image/755737646/?match=1&terms=Edwin%20Wiley.
Van Duin, Lieke. “Anansi As Classical Hero.” Journal of Caribbean Literature. Vol. 5, No. 1, 2007, pp.33-42. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40986316.
Vecsey, Christopher. “The Exception Who Proves the Rules: Ananse the Akan Trickster.” Journal of Religion in Africa. Vol. 12, No. 3, 1981, pp.161-177. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1581431.
“Warren Hastings.” Westminster Abbey. n.d. https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/warren-hastings.
Wilkerson, Karla. “The Hidden History of E. S. Willcox.” Peoria Magazine. N.d. https://www.peoriamagazine.com/article/hidden-history-es-willcox/.
Willcox, Erastus Swift. “The Peoria Public Library.” Peoria Journal. 1/1/1904 and 12/4/1904. https://archive.org/details/peoriapubliclibr00will/page/n7/mode/2up.
Sources from Lore 304
“The Adamites: Hippie Heretics of the Middle Ages.” Medievalists.net. August 2014. https://www.medievalists.net/2014/08/adamites-hippy-heretics-middle-ages/
“Alleged Death At ‘Truth’ Colony Will Be Probed.” The Times-Independent [Moab, UT]. June 13, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/304964731/
Boyles, Rick. “Look at the Numbers in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows.” Davis Odd Fellows. August 31, 2023. https://www.davislodge.org/look-at-the-numbers-in-the-independent-order-of-odd-fellows/
Bridges, Amos. “From our archives: Bones slow to share secrets of their origin.” Springfield News-Leader. July 14, 2014. https://www.news-leader.com/story/news/local/ozarks/2014/07/14/bones-slow-to-share-secrets-of-their-origin/12644771/
Cohn, Norman. The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists of the Middle Ages (Oxford University Press, 1970).
Collins, Glenn. “The Psychology of the Cult Experience.” The New York Times. March 15, 1982. https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/15/style/the-psychology-of-the-cult-experience.html
“Cult Awaiting Resurrection Of Woman Dead Nearly A Year.” Washington Herald. December 29, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1043018112/
“Cult Holds Body From Grave, Say County Officials.” The Salt Lake Tribune. June 16, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/598660696/
Daley, James. “The Screenwriting Mystic Who Wanted to Be the American Führer.” Smithsonian Magazine. October 3, 2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/meet-screenwriting-mystic-who-wanted-be-american-fuhrer-180970449/
DeWitt, Jack. “Utah’s Mystery of the Living Mummy.” Unidentified magazine article from Utah Historical Society. [n.d.] pp. 24-29, 97-99.
Giaimo, Carla. “Stumbling on Skeletons in Old Odd Fellows Lodges.” Atlas Obscura. October 30, 2017. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/odd-fellows-found-skeletons
Glod, Maria. “Odd Fellows Have Skeletons in Their Closets--and Their Walls and Attics.” Los Angeles Times. April 1, 2001. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-apr-01-mn-45210-story.html
Gulliford, Andrew. “Marie Ogden And The Home Of Truth.” Utah Adventure Journal. May 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20190309103059/https://utahadvjournal.com/index.php/marie-ogden-and-the-home-of-truth
“History.” The Oddfellows. [n.d.] https://www.oddfellows.co.uk/about/history/
Hobson, Theo. “Playing God.” The Guardian. October 24, 2006. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/oct/24/playingjesusfortuesday
“Home of Truth.” Atlas Obscura. August 29, 2016. https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/home-of-truth
“How Have Cults Shaped American History?” History Today. March 3, 2025. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/head-head/how-have-cults-shaped-american-history
Jenkins, Philip. Mystics and Messiahs: Cults and New Religions in American History (Oxford University Press, 2000).
Jensen, Buckley. “Marie Margaret Snyder Ogden.” San Juan Record. April 30, 2008. https://www.sjrnews.com/giants-san-juan/marie-margaret-snyder-ogden
Kemp, Emma. “The Disembodied Word: Marie Ogden’s Home of Truth.” East of Borneo. November 14, 2019. https://eastofborneo.org/archives/the-disembodied-word-marie-ogdens-home-of-truth-by-emma-kemp/
Knepper, AnneMarie. “A real skeleton in the closet.” Corvallis Gazette-Times. August 28, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20200626175229/https://gazettetimes.com/news/local/a-real-skeleton-in-the-closet/article_aa7592cf-5efe-5e45-9b5c-5baccd201679.html
Layton, Julia. “How Cults Work.” HowStuffWorks. [n.d.] https://people.howstuffworks.com/cult.htm
“Leader Reveals Mysteries Of South Utah Wilderness Cult to Tribune Reporter.” The Salt Lake Tribune. November 24, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/598680089/
Lee, Hector. “Mrs. Marie Ogden and the Home of Truth.” Utah Humanities Research Foundation. March 5, 1946. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/details?id=1045479
“Marie Margaret Schneider Ogden.” Find a Grave. [n.d.] https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/147958/marie_margaret-ogden
McClure, Bruce, and Deborah Byrd. “When will the Age of Aquarius begin?” EarthSky. January 8, 2021. https://earthsky.org/human-world/when-will-the-age-of-aquarius-begin/
Morris, Adam. American Messiahs: False Prophets of a Damned Nation (Liveright, 2019).
Ocker, J.W. Cult Following: The Extreme Sects That Capture Our Imaginations—and Take Over Our Lives (Quirk Books, 2024).
“Oddfellows History.” Nevada City Odd Fellows. [n.d.] https://nevadacityoddfellows.com/about/history/oddfellows-history/
Oelke, Chad. “Where roses never fade.” Medium. August 24, 2021. https://medium.com/@chadoelke/where-roses-never-fade-the-unbelievable-story-of-home-of-truth-utahs-first-new-age-cult-c27b54c74d18
“Padre Pio Shrine.” Atlas Obscura, 2025, www.atlasobscura.com/places/padre-pio-shrine
Parker, Chris. “Human bones to be sold on auction block.” The Morning Call. October 4, 2021. https://www.mcall.com/2001/01/27/human-bones-to-be-sold-on-auction-block-stored-inside-four-caskets-the-relics-of-defunct-order-of-odd-fellows-lodges-will-be-sold-today-in-mahoning-twp/
Pierson, Lloyd. “The Home Of Truth.” Canyon County Zephyr. April-May 2000. https://www.canyoncountryzephyr.com/oldzephyr/archives/homeoftruth.html
“Pigmy Race Find.” The Garland Times. February 8, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/612792181/
Purser, Travis. “Skeleton in a drawer: a Bellevue mystery.” Idaho Mountain Express and Guide. October 27, 1999. https://archives.mtexpress.com/1999/10-27-99/10-27skeleton.htm
Rossen, Jake. “The Secret Society That Left a Trail of Human Skeletons in its Wake.” Mental Floss. July 18, 2022. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/633931/independent-order-odd-fellows-secret-society-skeletons
Sarles, Jesse. “Who is Amy Carlson? Cult leader whose death in Colorado made headlines is now the subject of an HBO documentary.” CBS News. November 14, 2023. https://www.cbsnews.com/colorado/news/amy-carlson-hbo-love-has-won-cult-colorado-documentary/
“Second skeleton found.” Asbury Park Press. February 11, 1983. https://www.newspapers.com/image/144293063/
Shane, Cari. “What Makes a Cult, and How Do Cult Leaders Control Their Followers?” Discover. September 26, 2023. https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/the-psychology-behind-cults
Shepherd, Sarah H. “Reciprocal Aid: Fraternalism and Early Social Welfare History.” VCU Libraries Social Welfare History Project. May 2024. https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/organizations/reciprocal-aid-fraternalism-and-early-social-welfare-history/
St. Clair Community and Historical Society. Around St. Clair (Arcadia Publishing, 2009).
Thayne, Stanley J. “The Home of Truth: The Metaphysical World of Marie Ogden.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Brigham Young University. December 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=3022&context=etd
“Weird ‘Living Dead’ Cremation Related.” Salt Lake Telegram. April 26, 1937. https://www.newspapers.com/image/289133071/
Wise, Robert L. “Reformation Apocalypticism: Münster’s Monster.” Christian History Institute. 1999. https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/reformation-apocalypticism-mnsters-monster
Young, Michelle. “St. John’s, the Monastery That May Stand in the Way of Penn Station’s Revitalization.” Untapped New York, 31 July 2015, www.untappedcities.com/the-monastery-that-may-stand-in-the-way-of-penn-stations-revitalization/
Sources from Legends 77
“About Us.” Las Vegas Academy of the Arts. n.d. https://www.lasvegasacademy.net/copy-of-about-us.
“Adler Buys Vegas Flamingo Club for $3,000,000 Price.” Nevada State Journal. 7/13/1947, p.22. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1010423051/?match=1&terms=Flamingo.
“Benjamin “Bugsy” Siegel.” The Mob Museum. n.d. https://themobmuseum.org/notable_names/benjamin-bugsy-siegel/.
“Benjamin Siegel (1906-1947).” PBS. n.d. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/lasvegas-siegel/.
Biography.com Editors. “Bugsy Siegel.” Biography.com. Updated 4/22/2021. https://www.biography.com/crime/bugsy-siegel.
“‘Bugsy’ Siegel Escaped FBI Trap When Flamingo Club Was Started.” Reno Gazette-Journal. 7/14/1947, p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/147892571/?match=1&terms=Flamingo.
“Claims Against the City of Las Vegas Allowed for the Month of March, 1944.” Las Vegas Age. 4/16/1944, p.17. https://www.newspapers.com/image/889913822/?match=1&terms=Frank%20Partie.
“Dug-Up Body May Be Whiskey Pete’s.” Reno Gazette-Journal. 2/4/1994, p.14. https://www.newspapers.com/image/153310641/?match=1&terms=Dug%20Up%20Body%20May%20be%20Whiskey%20Pete.
“Elvis Presley: Autopsy Report Reveals Disturbing Details. Everything We Know About Death of Rock Singer.” The Economic Times. Updated 10/24/2023. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/elvis-presley-autopsy-report-reveals-disturbing-details-everything-we-know-about-death-of-rock-singer/articleshow/104700419.cms?from=mdr.
“The Flamingo Las Vegas: Bugsy Siegel’s Last Haunt.” Las Vegas Ghosts. Updated 5/19/2025. https://vegasghosts.com/flamingo-las-vegas/.
“Frank C. Partie.” Find A Grave. 7/8/2017. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/181160050/frank-c-partie.
Gosh, Martin A., and Hammer, Richard, Editors. The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano. New York: Dell Publishing Co, Inc., 1975. Digital. https://archive.org/details/lasttestamentofl0000unse/mode/2up.
Gragg, Larry D. Benjamin “Bugsy” Siegel: The Gangster, The Flamingo, and the Making of Modern Las Vegas. Santa Barbara: Praeger, 2015. E-book.
Gragg, Larry D. “Separating Fact From Fiction on the Flamingo Hotel’s 75th Anniversary.” The Mob Museum. 12/22/2021. https://themobmuseum.org/blog/separating-fact-from-fiction-on-the-flamingo-hotels-75th-anniversary/.
Harvey, Austin. “The Bloody Rise and Fall of Bugsy Siegel, From Murder Inc. Hitman to the Creation of Las Vegas.” All That’s Interesting. Updated 9/23/2024. https://allthatsinteresting.com/bugsy-siegel.
“Haunted Flamingo Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, NV.” Haunted Rooms Co. n.d. https://www.hauntedrooms.com/nevada/las-vegas/haunted-places/haunted-hotels/flamingo-hotel.
Healy, Patrick. “Cold Case: How a Babe May Have Helped the Mob Rub Out Bugsy.” NBC. 2/10/2012. https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/cold-case-how-a-babe-helped-the-mob-rub-out-bugsy/1945766/.
“Historical Preservation of Las Vegas Academy.” McKenna Property Management. 2024. https://www.mckennapropertymanagement.com/historical-preservation-of-las-vegas-academy.
History.com Editors. “Bugsy Siegel Opens Flamingo Hotel.” History.com. Updated 5/28/2025. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/december-26/bugsy-siegel-opens-flamingo-hotel.
“The History of Las Vegas’ First High School.” City of Las Vegas. 5/17/2022. https://www.lasvegasnevada.gov/News/Blog/Detail/the-history-of-las-vegas-first-high-school.
“Huge International Hotel Granted Gaming License.” Nevada State Journal. 6/28/1969, p.16. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1010902029/?match=1&terms=International%20Hotel.
“International Hotel.” Reno Gazette-Journal. 6/16/1969, p.13. https://www.newspapers.com/image/147615395/?match=1&terms=International%20Hotel.
Jones, Jennifer. “Whiskey Pete’s Ghost and the Truth Behind His Disturbed Grave.” Haunted History. 3/9/2020. https://thedeadhistory.com/2020/03/06/whiskey-petes-ghost/.
Kidman, Kristen and Moss, Lorraine Blanco. “Spirited Tours Lure Soles to Downtown Las Vegas.” KNPR. 10/28/2021. https://knpr.org/show/knprs-state-of-nevada/2021-10-28/spirited-tours-lure-soles-to-downtown-las-vegas.
Kostek, Jackie. “Haunted Las Vegas: Did Elvis Ever Really Leave the Westgate?” KTNV Las Vegas. Updated 10/29/2020. https://www.ktnv.com/news/haunted-las-vegas-did-elvis-ever-really-leave-the-westgate.
Land, Barbara and Land, Myrick. A Short History of Las Vegas. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1999. Digital. https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofla0000land/mode/2up.
Las Vegas High School. The Echo of ‘68. 1968. https://www.classmates.com/siteui/yearbooks/168178.
“Lauretta Frances Enders Balber Lick McIntyre.” Find A Grave. 2/4/2024. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/263650693/lauretta_frances-balber_lick_mcintyre.
Leedham, Christina. “Stories Behind the Stories Break Apart the Myths.” Las Vegas Review-Journal. 6/1/2014. https://www.reviewjournal.com/life/stories-behind-the-stories-break-apart-the-myths/.
Leigh, Heather. Ghosts and Legends of the Vegas Valley. Charleston: Haunted America, 2023. E-book.
Leigh, Heather. Haunted Southern Nevada Ghost Towns. Charleston: Haunted America, 2022. E-book.
“List of Registered Voters.” The Eureka Sentinel. 8/28/1920, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/890106512/?match=1&terms=Pete%20McIntyre.
“List of Registered Voters.” The Eureka Sentinel. 10/16/1920, p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/890106644/?match=1&terms=Pete%20McIntyre.
“List of Registered Voters, Clark Co., Nevada, General Election, Nov. 8, 1938.” Las Vegas Age. 10/28/1938, p.17. https://www.newspapers.com/image/889916857/?match=1&terms=Sylvia%20Partie.
McClure, Ava; Hollister, Conner; and Andrew, Ethan. “LVA’s Ghosts—Spooky Spooky Ghosts.” Accolades. 10/31/2022. https://lva-accolades.net/2102/features/lvas-ghosts-spooky-spooky-ghosts/.
“McIntyre Admitted to Bail.” Las Vegas Age. 3/28/1931, p.6. https://www.newspapers.com/image/889905681/?match=1&terms=Pete%20McIntyre.
“McIntyre Charge is Dropped Here.” Las Vegas Age. 4/30/1931, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/889906130/?match=1&terms=Pete%20McIntyre.
Miyasato, Kiko. “From Elvis Presley to Barry Manilow, the International Theater Has Changed the Face of Las Vegas Entertainment.” Las Vegas Magazine. 7/28/2023. https://lasvegasmagazine.com/entertainment/2023/jul/28/international-theater-westgate-las-vegas-elvis/.
“Murder in Beverly Hills.” Time, Vol. XLIX, No. 26. 6/30/1947. https://time.com/archive/6792196/crime-murder-in-beverly-hills/.
“Must Enforce the Law.” Reno Gazette-Journal. 10/15/1921, p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/147088156/?match=1&terms=Pete%20McIntyre.
Newton, Wayne and Maurice, Dick. Once Before I Go. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1989. Digital. https://archive.org/details/oncebeforeigo00newt/mode/2up.
Oberding, Janice. The Big Book of Nevada Ghost Stories. Essex: Globe Pequot, 2023. E-book.
Oberding, Janice. The Haunting of Las Vegas. Gretna: Pelican Publishing Company, 2008. Digital. https://archive.org/details/hauntingoflasveg0000ober/mode/2up.
Osterle, Joe and Cridland, Tim. Weird Las Vegas and Nevada. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., Inc., 2007. Digital. https://archive.org/details/weirdlasvegasnev0000oest/mode/2up.
Ott, Tim. “Elvis and Las Vegas: How the King Made Sin City His Home.” Biography. 6/4/2022. https://www.biography.com/musicians/elvis-presley-las-vegas.
“Pete McIntyre.” The Salt Lake Tribune. 11/15/1933, p.18. https://www.newspapers.com/image/599277897/?match=1&terms=Pete%20McIntyre.
“Presley Makes Kingly Return in Las Vegas.” Reno Gazette-Journal. 8/1/1969, p.21. https://www.newspapers.com/image/147481943/?match=1&terms=Elvis.
“Presley On Stage.” Reno Gazette-Journal. 7/30/1969, p.37. https://www.newspapers.com/image/149647109/?match=1&terms=Elvis.
“The Spirits of the Las Vegas Academy of the Arts.” Las Vegas Ghosts. Updated 5/29/2025. https://vegasghosts.com/the-spirits-of-the-las-vegas-academy-of-the-arts/.
Stanley, David. Life With Elvis. Old Tappan: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1986. Digital. https://archive.org/details/lifewithelvis0000stan/mode/2up.
“Streisand Show Opens International Hotel.” Nevada State Journal. 7/4/1969, p.17. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1010895408/?match=1&terms=International%20Hotel.
“Two Top Tycoons Open New Glitterland Palaces.” Nevada State Journal. 7/6/1969, p.31. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1010895949/?match=1&terms=International%20Hotel.
“Vegas Gangster, ‘Bugsy’ Siegel, Ambushed, Killed in Los Angeles.” Nevada State Journal. 6/22/1947, p.24. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1010428953/?match=1&terms=Flamingo.
Velotta, Richard N. “How Long Could Primm’s Whiskey Pete’s Casino Remain Closed?” Las Vegas Review-Journal. 3/4/2025. https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/casinos-gaming/how-long-could-primms-whiskey-petes-casino-remain-closed-3314107/.
Weatherford, Mike. “Elvis Presley, Who Would Have Turned 60 in 1995, Once Reigned in Las Vegas. Some Say He Still Does.” Nevada Magazine. January/February 1995. https://nevadamagazine.com/issue/february-1995/6994/.
“Westgate Resort and Casino.” Las Vegas Ghosts. Updated 5/28/2025. https://vegasghosts.com/westgate-resort-and-casino/.
“Whiskey Pete MacIntyre.” Find A Grave. 11/8/2011. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/80075071/whiskey_pete-macintyre.
“William Lowden.” Find A Grave. 4/7/2022. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/238598070/william-lowden.
“William Lowden Obituary.” Las Vegas Review-Journal. 1/31/2004. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/lvrj/name/william-lowden-obituary?id=48880814.
Wilson, Earl. “Elvis Back After 13 Years.” Reno Gazette-Journal. 8/6/1969, p.33. https://www.newspapers.com/image/147495707/?match=1&terms=Elvis.
Wilson, Earl. “Hackett-Jones Feud Finished.” Reno Gazette-Journal. 7/28/1969, p.20.
“Woman Athlete Starts Beating Hubby; Saved!” Oakland Tribune. 10/27/1917, p.7. https://www.newspapers.com/image/82234821/?match=1&terms=Woman%20Athlete%20Starts%20Beating%20Hubby.
Sources from Lore 303
Alcock, P.G. Venus Rising: South African Astronomical Beliefs, Customs and Observations (P.G. Alcock, 2014).
Antognini, Joe. “Episode 29: The Astronomy of Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa.” The Songs of Urania Podcast. May 10, 2023. https://songofurania.com/episode/029
Atsma, Aaron J. “Kallisto.” Theoi Project. [n.d.] https://www.theoi.com/Heroine/Kallisto.html
Atsma, Aaron J. “Star Myths.” Theoi Project. [n.d.] https://www.theoi.com/greek-mythology/star-myths.html
Boldman, Brian. “An Analysis of Angel Hair, 1947-2000.” International UFO Reporter 26(3), Fall 2001: pp. 9-20, 36.
Burnham, Robert Jr. Burnham’s Celestial Handbook: An Observer’s Guide to the Universe Beyond the Solar System: Volume Three: Pavo Through Vulpecula (Dover Publications, 1978).
Caraceni, Alba. “The Reason Steak And Eggs Is A Go-To Dish For Astronauts Heading To Space.” Food Republic. April 28, 2025. https://www.foodrepublic.com/1833869/steak-eggs-space-astronauts/
Clark, Jerome. The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial (Visible Ink Press, 1998).
Clegg, Andrew. “Some Aspects of Tswana Cosmology.” Botswana Notes and Records 18, 1986: pp. 33-37.
Coffey, Donavyn. “How many people have died in space?” LiveScience. June 12, 2023. https://www.livescience.com/space/how-many-people-have-died-in-space
“comet.” Oxford Reference. [n.d.] https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095626574
“Comets.” Royal Museums Greenwich. [n.d.] https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/space-astronomy/comets
Craft, Peg. “Ballooning Spiders.” Missouri Department of Conservation. October 10, 2021. https://mdc.mo.gov/blogs/discover-nature-notes/ballooning-spiders-0
De Luca, Max. “The Eye in the Tuscan Sky: The Day a UFO Sighting Stopped a Fiorentina Match.” These Football Times. April 21, 2020. https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/21/the-eye-in-the-tuscan-sky-the-day-a-ufo-sighting-stopped-a-fiorentina-match/
Duffey, Eric. “Aerial dispersal in spiders.” In P. A. Selden (ed.), Proceedings of the 17th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Edinburgh 1997 (British Arachnological Society, 1998): pp. 187-191.
Evans, Barry. “Orion and the Pleiades.” North Coast Journal of Politics, People & Art. January 12, 2023. https://www.northcoastjournal.com/life-outdoors/orion-and-the-pleiades-25694962
Fansler, Dean S. Filipino Popular Tales (American Folk-lore Society, 1921).
Frazer, J.G. “Some Popular Superstitions of the Ancients.” Folklore 1(2), June 1890: pp. 145-171.
“Gagarin's traditions.” The European Space Agency. [n.d.] https://www.esa.int/About_Us/50_years_of_ESA/50_years_of_humans_in_space/Gagarin_s_traditions
Ginzberg, Louis. Legends of the Jews, Volume 4 (The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1913).
Grassi, Francesco. “1954: UFO e bambagia silicea su Firenze.” Query Online. November 10, 2014. https://www.queryonline.it/2014/11/10/1954-ufo-e-bambagia-silicea-su-firenze/
Gray, Tara. “A Brief History of Animals in Space.” National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1998. https://web.archive.org/web/20090320214230/https://history.nasa.gov/animals.html
Guzeva, Alexandra. “Just how superstitious are Russian cosmonauts?” Russia Beyond. February 7, 2019. https://www.rbth.com/science-and-tech/329954-cosmonauts-superstitions-traditions
Haboucha, Reginetta. Types and Motifs of the Judeo-Spanish Folktales (Taylor & Francis, 2021).
Haliburton, R.G. “Primitive Traditions as to the Pleiades.” Nature XXV, November 1881-April 1882: pp. 100-101.
Hilberg, Rick. “The ‘Angel Hair’ File.” Altered Perceptions Magazine. June 2019. https://www.apmagazine.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1332:the-angel-hair-file-june2019&catid=2&Itemid=44
“The History of the Magical Flying Carpets.” Ancient Origins Reconstructing the Story of Humanity’s Past, Ancient Origins, 11 June 2016, www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends/history-magical-flying-carpets-006064.
Hobbs, Zoe. “How many people have gone to space?.” Astronomy. November 8, 2023. https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/how-many-people-have-gone-to-space/
Hollingham, Richard. “The strangest space launch rituals.” BBC. June 9, 2014. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20140610-the-strange-rituals-of-cosmonauts
Horta, Paulo Lemos (ed.), and Yasmine Seale (trans.). The Annotated Arabian Nights (Liveright, 2021).
Howell, Elizabeth. “Russia's Space Traditions! 14 Things Every Cosmonaut Does for Launch.” Space.com. June 6, 2018. https://www.space.com/40809-russian-space-launch-traditions.html
Johnson, Donald. “The Worldwide UFO Wave of 1954.” National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena. [n.d.] https://www.nicap.org/reports/waveof1954.htm
Klesius, Mike. “One More For The Checklist.” Smithsonian Magazine. September 2010. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/one-more-for-the-checklist-53110865/
Koenig, Duane. “Comets, Superstitions, and History.” Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 31(2), June 1968: pp. 81-92.
Kunth, Daniel and Elena Terlevich. StarWords: The Celestial Roots of Modern Language (Springer Praxis Books, 2024).
Lewis, Tanya. “Peanuts, Blackjack and Pee: Strangest Space Mission Superstitions.” Wired. August 10, 2012. https://www.wired.com/2012/08/space-mission-superstitions/
Parks, Jake. “How many astronauts have died in space?.” Astronomy. September 25, 2023. https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/how-many-astronauts-have-died-in-space/
Pearlman, Robert Z. “Cosmic Traditions: One-Year Space Crew Marks Flight with Russian Spaceflight Customs.” Space.com. March 27, 2015. https://www.space.com/28956-one-year-space-mission-russian-traditions.html
Martínez, Alonso. “Felicette: How France launched the first cat into space 60 years ago.” El País. October 18, 2023. https://english.elpais.com/science-tech/2023-10-18/felicette-how-france-launched-the-first-cat-into-space-60-years-ago.html
Mingren, Wu. “The History of the Magical Flying Carpets.” Ancient Origins. June 11, 2016. https://www.ancient-origins.net/myths-legends/history-magical-flying-carpets-006064
Morton, Ella. “Why Russian Astronauts Pee on a Bus Tire Before Launching Into Space, and Other Pre-Flight Rituals.” Atlas Obscura. July 29, 2015. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/why-russian-astronauts-pee-on-a-bus-tire-before-launching-into-space-and-other-preflight-rituals
Muller, Brad. “Chaff in Weather Radar Imagery.” Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Meteorology. [n.d.] https://wx.erau.edu/faculty/mullerb/Wx365/Chaff/chaff.html
Munce, Megan Fan. “Baby spiders are falling from the sky in white clumps around the Bay Area.” San Francisco Chronicle. October 5, 2023. https://www.sfchronicle.com/climate/article/baby-spiders-falling-sky-white-clumps-18407244.php
Murphy, Alan. “The losing hand: tradition and superstition in spaceflight.” The Space Review. May 27, 2008. https://www.thespacereview.com/article/1137/1
Murphy, Brian. The Root of Wild Madder: Chasing the History, Mystery, and Lore of the Persian Carpet (Simon & Schuster, 2006).
Norris, Ray. “The world’s oldest story? Astronomers say global myths about ‘seven sisters’ stars may reach back 100,000 years.” The Conversation. December 21, 2020. https://theconversation.com/the-worlds-oldest-story-astronomers-say-global-myths-about-seven-sisters-stars-may-reach-back-100-000-years-151568
Opie, Iona, and Moira Tatem (eds.). A Dictionary of Superstitions (Oxford University Press, 1990).
“Origin and history of zodiac.” Etymonline. [n.d.] https://www.etymonline.com/word/zodiac
Padula, Richard. “The day UFOs hovered over Fiorentina's Stadio Artemio Franchi.” BBC Sport. January 4, 2013. https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/20917594
Padula, Richard. “The day UFOs stopped play.” BBC News. October 24, 2014. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29342407
Palmer, Susan J. Aliens Adored: Rael’s UFO Religion (Rutgers University Press, 2004).
“The Pleiades.” GreekMythology.com. [n.d.] https://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Figures/The_Pleiades/the_pleiades.html
“The Pleiades: Cultural Stories of the Seven Sisters.” Night Sky Tourist. February 6, 2023. https://nightskytourist.com/pleiades/
“The Pleiades: Humanity’s Oldest Story?” Museum of Science. December 5, 2024. https://www.mos.org/article/pleiades-humanitys-oldest-story
“Point at the Stars and get a Wart.” USC Digital Folklore Archives. May 13, 2023. https://folklore.usc.edu/point-at-the-stars-and-get-a-wart/
Romeo, Jess. “The Long History of Comet Phobia.” JSTOR Daily. September 3, 2020. https://daily.jstor.org/the-long-history-of-comet-phobia/
Roud, Steve. The Penguin Guide to the Superstitions of Britain and Ireland (Penguin Books, 2006).
Rice, Tony. “Space travel has own traditions and supersitions [sic].” WRAL News. February 10, 2012. https://www.wral.com/weather/blogpost/10715530/
Rybachuk, Maria. “The Babylonian Influence on Ancient Greek Astrology.” Greek Reporter. October 11, 2023. https://greekreporter.com/2023/10/11/babylonian-influence-ancient-greek-astrology/
S., Katia. “The Myth of Ursa Major and Callisto.” Greek Myths & Greek Mythology. March 20, 2011. https://www.greekmyths-greekmythology.com/ursa-major-in-greek-mythology/
Schulz, Vera-Simone. “Portraits, Photographs, and Politics in the Carpet Medium: Iran, the Soviet Union and Beyond.” Konsthistorisk Tidskrift/Journal of Art History, 83(3), 2014: pp. 244–265.
“Science Diction: The Origin Of The Word ‘Comet.’” NPR. December 17, 2010. https://www.npr.org/2010/12/17/132141801/science-diction-the-origin-of-the-word-comet
Shamoun, Sam. “Solomon’s Flying Carpet.” Fables and Legends of the Quran. [n.d.] https://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Sources/Legends/flying_carpet.htm
Shatner, William. “William Shatner: My Trip to Space Filled Me with “Overwhelming Sadness” (EXCLUSIVE).” Variety, 6 Oct. 2022, variety.com/2022/tv/news/william-shatner-space-boldly-go-excerpt-1235395113/
“The Signs of the Zodiac Greek Mythology.” Greek Legends and Myths. [n.d.] https://www.greeklegendsandmyths.com/signs-of-the-zodiac.html
“South African star myths.” Royal Museums Greenwich. [n.d.] https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/space-astronomy/south-african-star-myths
“Soyuz 1.” Space Safety Magazine. [n.d.] https://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/space-disasters/soyuz-1/
“Star Lore (Working List).” Centre for Astronomical Heritage (CfAH). [n.d.] https://cfah.org.za/resources/starlore-workinglist/
“Starry Superstitions.” StarNameRegistry.com. October 3, 2017. https://star-name-registry.com/blog/item/starry-superstitions#
“Stellar jewels: the Pleiades.” Royal Museums Greenwich. [n.d.] https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/space-astronomy/what-are-pleiades
Stothers, Richard. “Unidentified Flying Objects in Classical Antiquity.” The Classical Journal 103(1), 2007: pp. 79-92.
“Strange Craft Litters French Town With Thread-Like Substance.” Civilian Saucer Investigation Quarterly Bulletin 1(2), Winter 1953: pp. 4-5.
Stringfield, Leonard H. Inside Saucer Post…3-0 Blue: CRIFO Views the Status Quo, a Summary Report (Civilian Research, Interplanetary Flying Objects, 1957).
“Superstition Brazil — from Warts on the Fingers to the Eighth Month.” Aventura do Brasil. November 25, 2019. https://www.aventuradobrasil.com/blog/superstition-brazil-from-warts-on-the-fingers-to-the-eighth-month/
Warner, Elizabeth. Russian Myths (University of Texas Press, 2002).
Warner, Marina. Stranger Magic: Charmed States and the Arabian Nights (The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012).
“What Are JPL’s Lucky Peanuts?” National Aeronautics and Space Administration. October 15, 2021. https://science.nasa.gov/missions/what-are-jpls-lucky-peanuts/
“Why do astronauts watch ‘White Sun of the Desert’ before launch?” Space. October 6, 2023. https://medium.com/@deep.space/why-do-astronauts-watch-white-sun-of-the-desert-before-launch-9cbdc74a2f94
Wilde, Dana. “Life and death on silk balloons.” Centralmaine.com. June 7, 2017. https://www.centralmaine.com/2017/06/07/life-and-death-on-silk-balloons/
Wilson, Evie. “Exploring the Significance of Stars in Mythology.” Sent Into Space. December 21, 2022. https://www.sentintospace.com/post/stars-and-mythology
Winsham, Willow. Treasury of Folklore: Stars & Skies (Batsford, 2023).
Zerello, Amy. “This Is The Real Meaning Behind Common Omens and Urban Legends.” Reader’s Digest. September 2, 2023. https://www.rd.com/list/6-superstitions-and-omens/
Zielinski, Sarah. “A brief history of animal death in space.” ScienceNews. September 7, 2014. https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/wild-things/brief-history-animal-death-space
Sources from Legends 76
Aitken, Ted. “Baldoon Mystery Unsolved After Years.” The Windsor Star. 5/20/1933, p.21. https://www.newspapers.com/image/501156961/?match=1&terms=Baldoon.
“The Anishinaabe (Ojibwe, Saulteaux).” Gladue Rights Research Database. 2024. https://gladue.usask.ca/anishinaabeg.
“Baldoon Mystery.” Wallaceburg Museum. n.d. https://www.wallaceburgmuseum.ca/baldoonmystery.
“The Baldoon Settlement.” The Historical Marker Database. Updated 5/27/2025. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=272487.
Barrett, Harry B. Lore & Legends of Long Point. Patterson’s Creek Press, 2000. Digital. https://archive.org/details/lorelegendsoflon0000barr/mode/2up.
Bell, Charles N. The Selkirk Settlement and the Settlers: A Concise History of the Red River Country From its Discover, Including Information Extracted From Original Documents lately Discovered and Notes Obtained From Selkirk Settlement Colonists. Winnipeg: The Commercial, 1887. Digital. https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/8842ffbd-49a5-4614-aa7d-8959b017a995/content.
“Binstead.” Canada’s Historic Places. n.d. https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=3681.
Campey, Lucille, H. The Silver Chief: Lord Selkirk and the Scottish Pioneers of Belfast, Baldoon and Red River. Toronto: Natural Heritage Books. 2003. E-book.
Colombo, John Robert. The Big Book of Canadian Ghost Stories. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2008. Digital. https://archive.org/details/bigbookofcanadia0000colo_v7a4/mode/2up.
Colombo, John Robert. Mysteries of Ontario. Toronto: Hounslow Press, 1999. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Mysteries_of_Ontario/YGFLAQ-Cu6sC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=john+troyer+witch&pg=PA137&printsec=frontcover.
Coyne, James H. “David Ramsay and Long Point in Legend and History.” Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Ser. 3, Vol. 13. Ottawa: Jas. Hope & Son, 1920. pp.111-126. Digital. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b228312&seq=7&q1=Coyne.
Dobson, Cathy. “Eerie Baldoon Mystery Story Refuses to Give Up the Ghost.” The Sarnia Journal. 4/11/2022. https://www.thesarniajournal.ca/top-story/eerie-baldoon-mystery-story-refuses-to-give-up-the-ghost-7972076.
Fehr, Rick. “Baldoon Mystery.” PSI Encyclopedia. Updated 11/13/2024. https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/articles/baldoon-mystery.
Ferguson, Bekah. “Folktale: The Haunting of Binstead House, PEI.” Storyteller Bekah Ferguson. 10/7/2022. https://www.bekahferguson.com/the-haunting-of-binstead-house-pei/.
Fowke, Edith. Folklore of Canada. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1976. Digital. https://archive.org/details/folkloreofcanada00fowk/mode/2up.
Fowke, Edith. Legends Told in Canada. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum, 1994. Digital. https://archive.org/details/legendstoldincan0000unse/mode/2up.
Jones, Peter. History of the Ojebway Indians: With Especial Reference to Their Conversion to Christianity. London: A. W. Bennett, 1861. Digital. https://archive.org/details/bp_1459181/mode/2up.
MacLean, Andrew. “The Ghost of Binstead Manor.” Backyard History. 10/23/2024. https://backyardhistory.ca/articles/f/the-ghost-of-binstead-manor?blogcategory=Strange+Tales.
MacLean, Andrew. “The Ghost of Binstead Manor.” Telegraph-Journal. 10/26/2024, p.B6. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1137052165/?match=1&terms=Binstead%20Haunting.
McDonald, Neil T. The Baldoon Mystery. Wallaceburg: W. Colwell. n.d. Digital. https://archive.org/details/baldoonmystery00mcdo/mode/2up.
Mann, Frank. A History of Wallaceburg and Vicinity: 1804 to the Present. 4/7/1968. Digital. https://images.ourontario.ca/Partners/CKPL/CKPL0027462931T.PDF.
Mitts, Dorothy M. “The Belledoon ‘Mysteries.’” The Times Herald. 3/9/1958, p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/209601838/?match=1&terms=Belledoon.
Morrison, Arthur. The Shadows Around Us: Authentic Tales of the Supernatural. Glasgow: Simpkin & Marshall, 1891. E-book. https://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500011h.html#ch8.
Myers, F. W. H. “On Recognised Apparitions Occurring More Than a Year After Death.” Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research. Vol. VI, 1889-90, pp.13-65. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co., Limited, 1890. Digital. https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofsoc06soci/mode/2up.
Peters, Hammerson. “Legends of Prince Edward Island.” Mysteries of Canada. 9/1/2022. https://mysteriesofcanada.com/pei/legends-of-prince-edward-island/.
Philips, Lisa and McDougall, Allan K. “The Baldoon Mysteries.” Phantom Past, Indigenous Presence: Native Ghosts in North American Culture and History. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011, pp.117-150. Digital. https://archive.org/details/phantompastindig0000unse/mode/2up.
Ramsay, Sterling. Folklore: Prince Edward Island. Charlottetown: Square Deal Publications, 1976. Digital. https://archive.org/details/folkloreprinceed0000unse/mode/2up.
Reaney, James. “Troyer, John.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Vol. 7. 1988. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?id_nbr=3702.
Riddell, William Renwick. Old Province Tales Upper Canada. Toronto: Glasgow, Brook & Company, 1920. Digital. https://archive.org/details/oldprovincetales00ridduoft/mode/2up.
“A Strange Apparition That Was Seen in a House.” The Times-Transcript. 1/2/1890, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1105941101/?match=1&terms=Binstead%20Manor.
Taylor, Harold. “Young Earl of Selkirk founded Baldoon Settlement.” The Windsor Star. 6/17/1933, p.23. https://www.newspapers.com/image/501158901/?match=1&terms=Baldoon.
Telfer, Geordie. Mysterious Ontario: Myths, Murders, Mysteries and Legends. Edmonton: Quagmire Press, 2011. Digital. https://archive.org/details/mysteriousontari0000telf/mode/2up.
“Witch Doctor John Troyer.” Stories From Norfolk’s History. n.d. https://norfolklore.com/history/troyer_02/.
“You Asked Us About Mysterious Events in Baldoon.” The Hamilton Spectator. 11/4/1972, p.132. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1008944387/?match=1&terms=Belledoon.
Sources from Lore 302
Amin, Osama Shukir Muhammed. “Shanidar 1 at the Iraq Museum.” World History Encyclopedia. March 21, 2019. https://www.worldhistory.org/image/10264/shanidar-1-at-the-iraq-museum/
“Ann Eliza Struck.” Ancestry. [n.d.] https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/ann-eliza-struck-24-1kkgrc7
Atsma, Aaron J. “Apollon.” Theoi Project. [n.d.] https://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Apollon.html
Barclay, George Lippard. The Poison Fiend: Life and Conviction of Lydia Sherman: The Modern Borgia (Barclay & Co., 1873).
Bendici, Raymond. “The Derby Poisoner: The story of Lydia Sherman, a mass murderer.” New Haven Register. January 10, 2015. https://www.nhregister.com/connecticut/article/The-Derby-Poisoner-The-story-of-Lydia-Sherman-a-11358691.php
Bestetti, Reinaldo B., Rosemary F. Daniel, Tufik M. Geleilete, and Ana Luiza N. Almeida. “From Shamans to Priests of Sekhmet: A Review of the Literature in Search for the Origins of Doctors in Ancient Egypt.” Cureus. August 19, 2024. https://www.cureus.com/articles/218519-from-shamans-to-priests-of-sekhmet-a-review-of-the-literature-in-search-for-the-origins-of-doctors-in-ancient-egypt#!/
Biggs, Sarah J. “Not Always Bad News Birds: The Caladrius.” British Library Medieval Manuscripts Blog. April 12, 2013. https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2013/04/not-always-bad-news-birds-the-caladrius.html
Blum, Deborah. The Poisoner’s Handbook: Murder and the Birth of Forensic Medicine in Jazz Age New York (Penguin Books, 2010).
Bowles, David. Feathered Serpent, Dark Heart of Sky: Myths of Mexico (Cinco Puntos Press, 2018).
“Brat Bríde: A Healing Tradition of Brigid’s Eve.” Irish Pagan School. January 31, 2024. https://irishpagan.school/brat-bride/
“Chloroform Burns Point To Murders.” The New York Times. February 8, 1915. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/02/08/100138052.html?pageNumber=1
Coletta, Sue. Pretty Evil New England: True Stories of Violent Vixens and Murderous Matriarchs (Globe Pequot, 2020).
“Confesses Giving Poison To Three Persons Following Her Indictment.” The Republican-Tribune [Union, MO]. August 28, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/168917309/
“The Connecticut Borgia.” The Boston Daily Globe. May 18, 1878. https://www.newspapers.com/image/428230138/
Ermenc, Christine. “Amy Archer-Gilligan: Entrepreneurism Gone Wrong in Windsor.” Windsor Historical Society. July 16, 2018. https://windsorhistoricalsociety.org/amy-archer-gilligan-entrepreneurism-gone-wrong-in-windsor/
Erwin, James W., and Vicki Berger Erwin. Notorious Missouri: 200 Years of Historic Crimes (The History Press, 2021).
“Escaped Murdered Poisoned Himself Sleuth Discovers.” The Hartford Courant. May 6, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/370394060/
“Farmer’s Wife Admits Three Poison Murders.” Buffalo Courier Express. August 29, 1928. https://www.newspapers.com/image/977312968/
“Find No Trace of Mors After Escape From Poughkeepsie.” The Yonkers Herald. May 12, 1916. https://www.newspapers.com/image/676647551/
Fine, Stan. “Opinion: The murder farm.” McDonald County Press. October 3, 2024. https://mdcp.nwaonline.com/news/2024/oct/03/opinion-the-murder-farm/
Gonlin, Nancy, and David M. Reed, eds. Night and Darkness in Ancient Mesoamerica (University Press of Colorado, 2021).
Gorman, James. “Ancient Bones That Tell a Story of Compassion.” The New York Times. December 17, 2012. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/18/science/ancient-bones-that-tell-a-story-of-compassion.html
Harrison, Marissa A. Just as Deadly: The Psychology of Female Serial Killers (Cambridge University Press, 2023).
“Indorse Queer Tale Of Killing The Aged.” The New York Times. February 6, 1915. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/02/06/106729662.html?pageNumber=1
Jones, Ann. Women Who Kill (Feminist Press, 2009).
Jordan, Michael. Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Second Edition (Facts on File, 2004).
“Killed 8 In Home, He Tells Perkins.” The New York Times. February 3, 1915. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/02/03/100136617.html?pageNumber=9
Lally, Jude. “The Imbolc Ritual of the ‘Brat Bride.’” Ancestral Mothers of Scotland & Gather the Keeners. January 29, 2025. https://judelally.substack.com/p/the-imbolc-ritual-of-the-brat-bride-583
“Lydia Sherman.” Find a Grave. [n.d.] https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/8890048/lydia-sherman
“Lydia Sherman. Closing Scenes of Her Trial.” New York Herald. April 26, 1872. https://www.newspapers.com/image/329421698/
“Lydia Sherman. Confession of the Arch Murderess of Connecticut.” New York Herald. January 13, 1873. https://www.newspapers.com/image/329398728/
“Lydia Sherman: The Derby Poisoner.” ConnecticutHistory.org. March 22, 2023. https://connecticuthistory.org/lydia-sherman-the-derby-poisoner/
“Lydia Sherman, the Derby Poisoner, Commits the ‘Horror of the Century.’” New England Historical Society. 2024. https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/lydia-sherman-the-derby-poisoner-commits-the-horror-of-the-century/
“Lydia Sherman. Her Arraignment at New Haven.” New York Herald. April 17, 1872. https://www.newspapers.com/image/329418187/
“Lydia Sherman. Lucretia Borgia Matched.” New York Herald. April 16, 1872. https://www.newspapers.com/image/329417957/
“Lydia Sherman’s Capture.” Bradford Opinion. June 16, 1877. https://www.newspapers.com/image/661301510/
“May Confirm Identity Of Mors By Teeth.” The Yonkers Herald. May 11, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/676818006/
McLeish, Kenneth. Myth: Myths & Legends of the World Explored (Facts on File, 1996).
Montes-Santiago, Julio. “The lead-poisoned genius: saturnism in famous artists across five centuries.” Progress in Brain Research 203, 2013: pp. 223-240.
“Mors Escapes From Asylum.” The New York Times. May 12, 1916. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/05/12/301859432.html?pageNumber=9
“Mors Killed As Act Of Kindness, He Says.” The New York Times. February 12, 1915. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/02/12/100138877.html?pageNumber=6
“Murdered Her Boarders When Keeping Them Involved Loss.” Meriden Morning Record. June 19, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/image/675655905/
Pearce, JMS. “Medicine in Greek mythology.” Hektoen International. Winter 2019. https://hekint.org/2019/02/08/medicine-in-greek-mythology/
Perrin, Lisa. The League of Lady Poisoners (Chronicle Books, 2023).
Popper, Joe. “A Darkness ‘Round The Bend: Fragments of Murder in Another Time.” Bertha Gifford. [n.d.] http://www.berthagifford.com/index.html
“Reported Confession of Mrs. Lydia Sherman.” The Daily Post [Pittsburgh, PA]. January 9, 1873. https://www.newspapers.com/image/87637496/
Robinson, Paul H., and Sarah M. Robinson. Crimes That Changed Our World: Tragedy, Outrage, and Reform (Rowman & Littlefield, 2018).
Ryan, Bill. “Whatever Went Wrong With Amy?” The New York Times. March 2, 1997. https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/02/nyregion/whatever-went-wrong-with-amy.html
Schechter, Harold. Butcher’s Work: True Crime Tales of American Murder and Madness (University of Iowa Press, 2022).
Schechter, Harold. Fatal: The Poisonous Life of a Female Serial Killer (Pocket Star, 2003).
“Search For Dangerous Spy.” The Buffalo Enquirer. May 29, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/326184828/
Seifert, Christine. Toxic Wives: Murder, Media and the Poison Panic in America (Exposit, 2023).
“Skeleton Believed To Be That Of Dr. Mors.” The New York Times. May 6, 1923. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1923/05/06/105860970.html?pageNumber=2
“Some Old Irish Customs of St Brigid’s Day by Dr. Marion McGarry.” YouTube, uploaded by National Museum of Ireland. January 20, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2gunw4rf3g
“Suspects Torrington Man of Murdering 8.” The Hartford Courant. July 20, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/image/367400315/
Thompson, C.J.S. Magic and Healing (Rider & Company, 1947).
Tilley, Lorna. “The bioarchaeology of care.” The Archaeological Record 12, 2012: pp. 39-41.
“Twenty Murders Alleged In Windsor Home For Aged.” Meriden Daily Journal. May 9, 1916. https://www.newspapers.com/image/675617421/
Uth, Alexandra. “Ninhursag (deity).” EBSCO. 2022. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/social-sciences-and-humanities/ninhursag-deity
“Vituperative Letters Written By Mrs. Gilligan—Extortion Of Money.” The Hartford Daily Courant. May 9, 1916. https://www.newspapers.com/image/369106493/
Wilhelm, Robert. “The Poison Fiend.” Murder by Gaslight. July 24, 2021. https://www.murderbygaslight.com/2011/10/poison-fiend.html
Wright, Gregory. “Brigid.” Mythopedia. November 29, 2022. https://mythopedia.com/topics/brigid
Yoshitani, Yoshi. Beneath the Moon: Fairy Tales, Myths, and Divine Stories from Around the World (Ten Speed Press, 2020).
Sources from Legends 75
Alexander, Kathy. “The Lost Dutchman Mine, Arizona.” Legends of America. March 2023. https://www.legendsofamerica.com/az-lostdutchman/
“Blackbeard’s Treasure on Plum Point NC.” Fleming’s Bond. November 14, 2013. https://flemingsbond.com/blackbeards-treasure-on-plum-point-nc/
Boyle, Dennis. “The Law of Lost Treasure and Treasure Hunting.” Boyle & Jasari. January 3, 2023. https://www.boylejasari.com/the-law-of-lost-treasure-and-treasure-hunting/
Brown, Ralph O. “Superstition Range Hides Fate Of Seeker After Fabled Gold.” The Fresno Bee. July 16, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/image/701101574/
“Buried Treasure.” The Age [Melbourne, AUS]. June 13, 1936. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gexjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=S5UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7104,4738446
Bushnell, Mark. “Then Again: Soldiers on the run through Vermont resorted to drastic means for survival.” VTDigger. July 21, 2019. https://vtdigger.org/2019/07/21/then-again-soldiers-on-the-run-through-vermont-resorted-to-drastic-means-for-survival/
Calnek, Harry. “Four die in search for Captain Kidd treasure.” Saskatoon Star-Phoenix. August 18, 1965. https://www.newspapers.com/image/508674696/
Campbell, Randolph B. “Mike.” “Knights of the Golden Circle.” Texas State Historical Association. October 25, 2023. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/knights-of-the-golden-circle
Cizmar, Martin. “Fool's Gold: Prospectors Have Looked for the Lost Dutchman's Gold for a Century, But Jesse Capen Figured He Could Find It. He Probably Died Trying.” Phoenix New Times. April 22, 2010. https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/fools-gold-prospectors-have-looked-for-the-lost-dutchmans-gold-for-a-century-but-jesse-capen-figured-he-could-find-it-he-probably-died-trying-6432604
Coble, Christopher. “If I Find Treasure, Can I keep It?” FindLaw. March 21, 2019. https://www.findlaw.com/legalblogs/law-and-life/if-i-find-treasure-can-i-keep-it/
Davis, Ian. “Density of Gold and Other Metals.” Chards. December 22, 2022. https://www.chards.co.uk/guides/density-of-gold-and-other-metals/377
Dayton, Kelsey. “The legend of Lost Cabin.” WyoFile. September 7, 2018. https://wyofile.com/the-legend-of-lost-cabin/
Driscoll, Charles B. “Pirates Ahoy!” The Ogden Standard-Examiner. April 7, 1929. https://www.newspapers.com/image/596472760/
Duffus, Kevin. “Search for Blackbeard’s treasure based on enduring myth.” Coastal Review. October 24, 2022. https://coastalreview.org/2022/10/search-for-blackbeards-treasure-based-on-enduring-myth/
Duhownik, Joe. “In Arizona, a quixotic search for a fabled gold mine.” Courthouse News Service. October 11, 2024. https://api.courthousenews.com/in-arizona-a-quixotic-search-for-a-fabled-gold-mine/
“Floyd Collins.” Wikipedia. Last updated November 30, 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd_Collins
Gilkes, Paul, and Steve Roach. “California couple finds large gold coin hoard.” Coin World. March 2, 2014. https://www.coinworld.com/news/precious-metals/california-couple-finds-large-gold-coin-hoard.html
Hongoltz-Hetling, Matt. “Silver Madonna Sends Detectors on Decadeslong Search.” Valley News. October 10, 2016. https://www.vnews.com/Area-treasure-hunters-seek-silver-Madonna-from-1700s-4943253
Hurley, Gerard T. “Buried Treasure Tales in America.” Western Folklore 10(3), July 1951: pp. 197-216.
“Jacob ‘Lost Dutchman’ Waltz.” Find a Grave. [n.d.] https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6172003/jacob-waltz
Jacobs, Sam. “The Saddle Ridge Hoard: The $10 Million Mystery.” Kellyco. January 29, 2021. https://kellycodetectors.com/blog/saddle-ridge-hoard/?srsltid=AfmBOorph48J9xccpR91NJvQrABE0nhziy_Q7J1XzsVU5U9cKD_2nY93
Jameson. W.C. The Silver Madonna and Other Tales of America’s Greatest Lost Treasures (Taylor Trade Publishing, 2013).
Jones, Julie. “Gold of the Indies.” The Metropolitan Museum. October 1, 2002. https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/gold-of-the-indies.
Kollenborn, Tom. “Legacy of Adolph Ruth.” Apache Junction Public Library. 2001. https://www.ajpl.org/legacy-of-adolph-ruth/
Kollenborn, Tom. “The Origin of the Lost Dutchman Mine Story.” Apache Junction Public Library. 1979, 1999. https://www.ajpl.org/the-origin-of-the-lost-dutchman-mine-story/
Kollenborn, Thomas J. “Goldfield: An Arizona Centennial Treasure.” Tom Kollenborn Chronicles. February 6, 2012. http://superstitionmountaintomkollenborn.blogspot.com/2012/02/goldfield-arizona-centennial-treasure.html
Lönegren, Hans. “The True Story of the Lost Cabin Mine.” Swedish-American Historical Quarterly 52(2), April 2001: pp. 79-95.
“Lost Buried Treasures.” GovMint. September 4, 2018. https://www.govmint.com/coin-authority/post/lost-buried-treasure-hoards
“The Lost Silver Madonna.” CNY Artifact Recovery. February 22, 2014. https://cnyartifactrecovery.wordpress.com/2014/02/22/the-lost-silver-madonna/
Mark, Jay. “Mesa history: Adolph Ruth and the Lost Dutchman Mine.” AZ Central. May 12, 2016. https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/mesa-history/2016/05/12/mesa-history-adolph-ruth-and-lost-dutchman-mine/84062842/
Mark, Jay. “Mesa history: Ruth mystery only deepens with findings of remains.” AZ Central. May 20, 2016. https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/mesa-contributor/2016/05/13/mesa-history-ruth-mystery-only-deepens-findings-remains/84344690/
“The Mystery of the Lost Dutchman Goldmine.” Discovery. November 24, 2022. https://www.discoveryuk.com/mysteries/the-mystery-of-the-lost-dutchman-goldmine/
O’Shea, Devin Thomas. “Knight Club.” History News Network. January 14, 2025. https://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/knight-club
Parris, Pat. “Legend of the Lost Dutchman Mine lives on.” KGUN 9. February 10, 2025. https://www.kgun9.com/absolutely-az/legend-of-the-lost-dutchman-mine-lives-on
Paul, Lee. “The Dutchman’s Lost Gold Mine.” The Truth About The Lost Dutchman Mine. [n.d.] https://www.angelfire.com/trek/forthetruth/dutchman.html
“The Plat Eye.” The Moonlit Road. [n.d.] https://www.themoonlitroad.com/the-plat-eye/
Ring, Wilson. “Treasure Hunters Still Ascend Mountains in Search of Artifacts.” Los Angeles Times. August 1, 2004. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-01-adna-treasure1-story.html
Schaefer, Samantha. “Origin of Gold Country coins remains a mystery.” Los Angeles Times. March 11, 2014. https://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-coins-20140312-story.html
“Seek Skeleton Old Prospector.” Redlands Daily Facts. December 28, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/image/994495677/
“Skeleton Of Adolph Ruth Found In Hills.” Tucson Daily Citizen. January 8, 1932. https://www.newspapers.com/image/581133220/
Steinmetz, Katy. “Couple Who Found $10 Million in Gold Coins Will Likely Keep The Loot.” TIME. March 5, 2014. https://time.com/13071/saddle-ridge-hoard-gold-coins/
“Superstition Mountains—Legends, Murder, and Mayhem.” Phoenix Ghosts. December 4, 2024. https://phoenixghosts.com/superstition-mountains/
Taylor, Alan. “The Early Republic's Supernatural Economy: Treasure Seeking in the American Northeast, 1780-1830.” American Quarterly 38(1), Spring 1986: pp. 6-34.
“Treasure hunts started in 1795.” The Leader-Post [Regina, SK]. August 18, 1965. https://www.newspapers.com/image/494971429/
Walker, Ronald W. “The Persisting Idea of American Treasure Hunting.” Brigham Young University Studies 24(4), Fall 1984: pp. 429-459.
“Weaver's Needle, Superstition Mountains, central Arizona.” Arizona Geological Survey. [n.d.] https://azgs.arizona.edu/photo/weavers-needle-superstition-mountains-central-arizona
“What is the Saddle Ridge Hoard?” APMEX. August 9, 2024. https://learn.apmex.com/answers/what-is-the-saddle-ridge-hoard/
Whitcomb, Dan. “California couple finds $10 million in buried treasure while walking dog.” Reuters. February 25, 2014. https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyle/california-couple-finds-10-million-in-buried-treasure-while-walking-dog-idUSBREA1P03N/
Sources from Lore 301
Abercromby, Ralph. “The ‘Eurydice’ Squall.” The Hopkins Quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1980, pp.27-28. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45240870.
“After Twenty-Three Years.” Warwick Examiner and Times. 1/5/1914, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1028025128/?match=1&terms=A%20Crew%20of%20Skeletons.
Barclay, Shelly. “Abandoned Lifeboat on Bouvet Island: Mystery Solved!” Historic Mysteries. 8/25/2011. https://www.historicmysteries.com/unexplained-mysteries/lifeboat-on-bouvet-island/1038/.
Bassett, Fletcher S. Legends and Superstitions of the Sea and Sailors: In all Lands and at all Times (Belford, Clarke, & Co., 1885).
Botkin, B.A. “A Treasury of New England Folklore.” (American Legacy Press, 1984). Pp 324-326 -
“The Bouvet Island Lifeboat Mystery.” r/UnresolvedMysteries. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/4azn5t/the_bouvet_island_lifeboat_mystery/?rdt=38409.
Brazil, Eddie. “Meet UB-65, The Haunted Submarine of World War 1.” Spooky Isles. 8/23/2017. https://www.spookyisles.com/haunted-ub-65/#google_vignette.
Burton, Neel. “The Real Meaning of Orpheus and Eurydice.” Psychology Today. 1/8/2025. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/ataraxia/202406/the-real-meaning-of-orpheus-and-eurydice.
Bywater, Hector C. Their Secret Purposes: Dramas and Mysteries of the Naval War. London: Constable & Co. Ltd., 1932. Digital. https://archive.org/details/theirsecretpurposes/page/33/mode/2up.
Churchill, Winston. My Early Life: A Roving Commission. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1958. Digital. https://archive.org/details/myearlyliferovin00chur_0/page/6/mode/2up.
Cox, Samuel J. “H-020-4: The Fog of War—Lieutenant John Foster and AL-2 Versus UB-65, 10 July 1918.” Naval History and Heritage Command. 5/1/2019. https://www.history.navy.mil/about-us/leadership/director/directors-corner/h-grams/h-gram-020/h-020-4--lt-john-foster-and-al-2-vs--ub-65-.html.
Dash, Mike. “An Abandoned Lifeboat at World’s End.” A Blast From the Past. 2/13/2011. https://mikedashhistory.com/2011/02/13/an-abandoned-lifeboat-at-worlds-end/.
“A Discredited Story.” Auckland Star, Volume XLIV, Issue 240, 10/8/1913, p.5. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19131008.2.16.9.
“1878 Loss of HMS Eurydice With 300 Seamen.” The Illustrated London News 1878. https://www.iln.org.uk/iln_years/year/1878.htm.
El Otmani, Shelby. The Book of Superstitions (Cider Mill Press, 2023).
“The Eurydice Court-Martial.” Aberdeen Journal, and General Advertiser for the North of Scotland. 9/3/1878, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/392985771/?match=1&terms=HMS%20Eurydice.
“Extra Edition.” Evening Post, Volume LXXXVI, Issue 76, 9/26/1913, p.8. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19130926.2.98.
Gan, Irina. “‘The First Practical Soviet Steps Towards Getting a Foothold in the Antarctic’: The Soviet Antarctic Whaling Flotilla Slava.” Polar Record, 47, (240), 2011, pp.21-28. Cambridge University Press, 2009. DOI:10.1017/S003224740999043X.
“Ghost Ships!” Maritime Archaeology Trust. 10/31/2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=$GVqAsURk74.
Goss, Michael. Lost at Sea: Ghost Ships and Other Mysteries. New York: Prometheus Books, 1994. Digital. https://archive.org/details/lostatseaghostsh0000goss_u7o3/page/52/mode/2up.
Gould, Rupert T. Oddities: A Book of Unexplained Facts. New York: Bell Publishing Company, 1965. Digital. https://archive.org/details/odditiesbookofun0000goul/page/n7/mode/2up.
Grant, Robert M. U-Boat Intelligence 1914-1918. Hamden: Archon Books, 1969. Digital. https://archive.org/details/uboatintelligenc0000gran/page/172/mode/2up.
Harding, John. Sailing’s Strangest Moments: Extraordinary But True Tales From Over 900 Years of Sailing. London: Robson Books, 2004. Digital. https://archive.org/details/sailingsstranges0000hard/page/92/mode/2up.
Hile, Kevin. Ghost Ships. Detroit: Kidhaven Press, 2009. Digital. https://archive.org/details/ghostships0000hile/page/24/mode/2up.
“HMS Eurydice.” Imperial War Museums. https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/49844.
“HMS Eurydice.” Island Eye. https://www.islandeye.co.uk/history/hms-eurydice/.
“HMS Eurydice.” Shipwreck Centre & Maritime Museum. 10/27/2021. https://museum.maritimearchaeologytrust.org/2023/10/27/hms-eurydice/.
“H.M.S. Eurydice Raised.” Saturday Journal. 7/19/1878, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1033932865/?match=1&terms=HMS%20Eurydice.
Huyser, Onno. “Bouvetøya (Bouvet Island).” Important Bird Areas in Africa and Associated Islands—Bouvetøya (Bouvet Island). pp.113-116. 3/13/2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130313172001/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/userfiles/file/IBAs/AfricaCntryPDFs/Bouvet.pdf.
“Iquique.” Barks. American Lloyd’s Register of American and Foreign Shipping, 1882, p.160. Mystic Seaport Museum. https://research.mysticseaport.org/item/l0237571882/#272.
King, Kendall J. “Stepping a Modern Mast.” Naval History. June 2006. https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2006/june/stepping-modern-mast
Konstam, Angus. Ghost Ships: Tales of Abandoned, Doomed and Haunted Vessels. London: Greenwich Editions, 2005. Digital. https://archive.org/details/ghostshipstaleso0000angu/page/144/mode/2up.
“The Loss of H.M.S. Eurydice.” Weekly Examiner. 3/26/1878, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/895780695/?match=1&terms=HMS%20Eurydice.
Lubbock, Basil. The Colonial Clippers. Boston: Charles E. Lauriat Co., 1921. Digital. https://archive.org/details/colonialclippers0000unse/page/n9/mode/2up.
Macdonald, R. Bruce. Never Say P*g: The Book of Sailors’ Superstitions (Harbour Publishing, 2022).
“Marlborough.” Barks. American Lloyd’s Register of American and Foreign Shipping, 1878, p.207. Mystic Seaport Museum. https://research.mysticseaport.org/item/l0237571878/#360.
“Marlborough.” Ships. American Lloyd’s Register of American and Foreign Shipping, 1883, p.49. Mystic Seaport Museum. https://research.mysticseaport.org/item/l0237571883/#80.
“The Marlborough.” Auckland Star, Volume LIV, Issue 281, 11/24/1923, p.17. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19231124.2.157.
“Marlborough SV (1862~) Iquique SV (+1883).” Wreck Site. 2025. https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?200394.
Muller, D. B., Schoeman, F. R., and Van Zinderen Bakker Sr., E. M. “Some Notes on a Biological Reconnaissance of Bouvetøya (Antarctic).” South African Journal of Science. June 1967, pp.260-263. https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00382353_8780.
Quinn, Tom. The Military’s Strangest Campaigns and Characters. London: Robson Books, 2006. Digital. https://archive.org/details/militarysstrange0000quin/page/156/mode/2up.
“Renaming a Boat: The Dos and Don’ts.” Discover Boating. January 2020. https://www.discoverboating.com/resources/ceremony-for-renaming-your-boat
Roberts, Kit. “Unexplained Mystery on the Most Remote Island on Earth.” Unilad. 4/20/2024. https://www.unilad.com/news/world-news/bouvet-island-atlantic-ocean-uninhabited-boat-mystery-004931-20240417.
Ronca, Debra. “Why is it bad luck to say certain words while fishing at sea?” HowStuffWorks. [n.d.] https://people.howstuffworks.com/why-is-it-bad-luck-to-say-certain-words-while-fishing-at-sea.htm
Rowan, Jenny. “Maritime Superstitions.” National Maritime Museum Cornwall. July 28, 2023. https://nmmc.co.uk/2023/07/maritime-superstitions/
“The Ship Marlborough.” Evening Post, Volume XXXIX, Issue 144, 6/20/1890, p.4. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP18900620.2.39.
“Ship of Death.” The Nottingham Evening Post. 10/3/1913, p.9. https://www.newspapers.com/image/806321060/?match=1&terms=Ship%20of%20death.
Speck, Frank G. “Catawba Religious Beliefs, Mortuary Customs, and Dances.” Primitive Man, vol. 12, no. 2, 1939, pp. 21–57. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3316471
Starke, Parke. “South African Expedition to Bouvet Island, 1966.” Antaret, 1, 1966, pp.232-234.
Stommel, Henry. Lost Islands: The Story of Islands That Have Vanished From Nautical Charts. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1984. Digital. https://archive.org/details/lostislands00henr/page/121/mode/2up.
“Sub-Antarctic Survey.” Evening Post. 4/22/1966, p.11. https://www.newspapers.com/image/760628923/?match=1&terms=bouvet%20island.
“Supposed Loss of Several Ships and Crews.” The Morning News. 10/20/1883, p.8. https://www.newspapers.com/image/61262176/?match=1&terms=Supposed%20loss%20of%20several%20ships%20and%20crews.
Swancer, Brent. “The Strange Ghost Ship Mystery of the Vanished Marlborough.” Journal News Online. 12/22/2021. https://journalnews.com.ph/the-strange-ghost-ship-mystery-of-the-vanished-marlborough/.
“A Tale of the Sea.” Evening Post, Volume LXXXVII, Issue 47, 2/25/1914, p.11. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/EP19140225.2.126.
“Terrible Disaster off the Isle of Wight.” Birmingham Evening Mail. 3/25/1878, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/827129946/?match=1&terms=HMS%20Eurydice.
“Thompson Island Missing.” Evening Post. 1/2/1929, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/806652392/?match=1&terms=Bouvet%20Island%20lifeboat.
“UB 65.” Uboat.net. https://www.uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=UB+65.
Verney, Edmund Hope. The Last Four Days of the “Eurydice.” Portsmouth: Griffin & Co., 1878. Digital.
“Where Whales Breed.” Evening Post. 4/25/1940. p.4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/806617459/?match=1&terms=Bouvet%20Island%20.
Wood, Alan C. Military Ghosts. Stroud: Amberley Publishing, 2013. E-book.
Zaniello, Thomas A. “The Scientific Background of Hopkins’ ‘Loss of the Eurydice’: Two Documents.” The Hopkins /quarterly, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1980, pp.15-19. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45240868.
Sources from Legends 74
“Advertisements Column.” Southland Times, Issue 10161, 5/13/1889, p.3. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ST18890513.2.23.1.
“Alleged Infanticide.” Otago Daily Times. 5/14/1895, p.7. https://www.newspapers.com/image/890507682/?match=1&terms=Minnie%20Dean.
“The Baby Farming Case.” The Daily Telegraph. 6/10/1895, p.5. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/238517759?searchTerm=Minnie%20Dean.
“The Ballad of Minnie Dean.” New Zealand Folk Song. Updated August 2006. https://www.folksong.org.nz/minniedean/index.html.
“Body in Crouching Position.” The Daily Telegraph. 7/14/1931, p.7. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/246713928?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
Bowron, Jane. “Go On, Take Your Time And Toot in the Mt Vic Tunnel.” Stuff. 10/12/2014. https://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/comment/10608892/Go-on-take-your-time-and-toot-in-the-Mt-Vic-tunnel.
“Buried Alive.” Warwick Daily News. 8/15/1931, p.6. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/177512679?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
“Charge of Murder.” Otago Daily Times, Issue 21412, 8/13/1931, p.7. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/31/blast-from-the-past-wellington-drivers-beep-horns-to-dispel-ghostly-tunnel-vision.
“Charges of Infanticide in Southland.” The Taranaki Herald. 5/13/1895, p.2. https://www.newspapers.com/image/882199265/?match=1&terms=Minnie%20Dean.
“Coroner’s Inquest of Dorothy Carter.” DigitalNZ. Updated 6/8/2025. https://digitalnz.org/records/32190229.
Dictionary of Sydney Staff Writer. “Fishers Ghost Creek.” Dictionary of Sydney. State Library New South Wales. 2008. https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/fishers_ghost_creek.
“Dorothy Edith Carter.” Find A Grave. 7/18/2021. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/229675371/dorothy_edith-carter.
“Dug Hole.” The Sun, 8/13/1931, p.13. https://www.newspapers.com/image/985740802/?match=1&terms=%22Phillis%20Symons%22.
“Emigration to Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.” National Museums Liverpool. https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/archivesheet12#. n.d.
“Eva Hornsby.” Find A Grave. 7/27/2021. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/229976775/eva-hornsby.
“Execution of Minnie Dean.” Traralgon Record. 8/16/1895, p.3. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/59342478?searchTerm=Minnie%20Dean.
“Festival of Fisher’s Ghost History.” Campbelltown City Council. n.d. “Frederick Fisher and the Legend of Fisher’s Ghost.” Campbelltown City Council. n.d. https://www.campbelltown.nsw.gov.au/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/fishers-ghost/documents/frederickfisher_legendoffishersghost_guide.pdf.
“Fisher’s Ghost.” Australian Town and Country Journal. 1/2/1892, p.31. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/71232119.
“Fisher’s Ghost.” Household Words. Vol. XVIII. Charles Dickens, editor. Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, 1853, pp.311-317. Digital. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Household_Words/V-9LAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1.
“Fisher’s Ghost.” Voice. 6/18/1949, p.1. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/220430527?searchTerm=Frederick%20Fisher.
“Frederick George James Fisher.” Find a Grave. 3/11/2012. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/86566325/frederick-george_james-fisher.
“From: Sheriff, Invercargill Date: 16 August 1895 Subject: Certificate of Execution of Minnie Dean.” Archives New Zealand. Updated 11/16/2020. https://ndhadeliver.natlib.govt.nz/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE59795221.
Frost, Natasha. “Was Minnie Dean Really the Wickedest Woman in New Zealand History?” Atlas Obscura. 11/1/2017. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/minnie-dean-baby-farmer-murder-new-zealand.
“General Items.” The Caulfield and Elsternwick Leader. 3/10/1888, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1118532945/?match=1&terms=Frederick%20Federici.
“To the Generous Public.” The Age. 3/17/1888, p.14. https://www.newspapers.com/image/121929549/?match=1&terms=Frederick%20Federici.
“The Ghost Girl.” Genealogy Investigations Ltd. 10/30/2024. http://genealogyinvestigations.co.nz/blog/the-ghost-girl.
“Girl Buried Alive?” The News, Vol. XVIL, No. 2605, 11/23/1931, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035875801/?match=1&terms=%22Phillis%20Symons%22.
“Government Notice.” Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser. 9/29/1826, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/981490408/?match=1&terms=Frederick%20Fisher.
Graham-Mclay, Charlotte. “Blast From the Past: Wellington Drivers Beep Horns to Dispel Ghostly Tunnel Vision." The Guardian. 10/30/2019. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/31/blast-from-the-past-wellington-drivers-beep-horns-to-dispel-ghostly-tunnel-vision.
“Guresome Quest.” The Dubbo Liberal and Macquarie Advocate. 7/11/1931, p.1. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/132213396?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
“In Heap of Spoil.” Tweed Daily. 7/14/1931, p.4. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/194130004?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
Hickman, Bill. “Wellington’s Dark History Uncovered in Tour of Sites of Murder, Execution, Suffering.” Radio New Zealand. 1/5/2025. https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/top/538194/wellington-s-dark-history-uncovered-in-tour-of-sites-of-murder-execution-suffering.
Hood, Lynley. “‘Dean, Williamina’, Dictionary of New Zealand Biography.” Te Ara—the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Updated July 2021. https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2d7/dean-williamina#:~:text=Minnie%20Dean%20became%20the%20only,being%20sent%20to%20Minnie%20Dean.
“Isabella Thompson.” Find A Grave. 11/24/2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/194951290/isabella-thompson.
Lang, Andrew. The Valet’s Tragedy and Other Studies. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1903, pp.258-273. Digital. https://archive.org/details/valetstragedyoth00langiala/mode/2up.
“The Legend of Fisher’s Ghost.” Campbelltown City Council. n.d. https://visitcampbelltown.com.au/legend-of-fishers-ghost/.
“The Legend of Fisher’s Ghost.” Campbelltown City Council. n.d. https://www.campbelltown.nsw.gov.au/About-Campbelltown/Events-in-Campbelltown/Fishers-Ghost/History-of-the-Festival/The-Legend-of-Fishers-Ghost.
“The Lyttelton Murder.” The Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser, 2/25/1875. P.4. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/18792360#:~:text=25%20Feb%201875%20%2D%20The%20Lyttelton,Place.
“The Lyttelton Murder.” Taranaki Herald. 1/30/1875, p.2. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TH18750130.2.8#print.
“Lyttelton Township Historic Area.” Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga. New Zealand Government. N.d. https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/7784/Lyttelton%20Township%20Historic%20Area.
McCrone, David. “Mt Victoria Tunnel Tales.” Mt Victoria Historical Society. 2016. https://mtvictoria.history.org.nz/mt-victoria-tunnel/.
McNeilly, Hamish. “Minnie Dean Gravestone Remains Mystery.” Otago Daily Times. 1/9/2010. https://www.odt.co.nz/regions/southland/minnie-dean-gravestone-remains-mystery.
“Minnie Dean.” Manatū Taonga—Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Updated 8/7/2017. https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/baby-farmers/minnie-dean.
“Minnie Dean.” The Telegraph. 8/13/1895, p.4. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/172664667?searchTerm=Minnie%20Dean.
“Minnie Dean, the Scottish Baby Farmer.” BBC. 3/4/2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/minnie_dean.shtml.
“Missing Girl.” Timaru Herald, Vol. CXXXV, Issue 18927, 7/13/1931, p.4. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/THD19310713.2.24.
“The Murder in Lyttelton.” Lyttelton Times. 1/20/1875, p.3. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/LT18750120.2.20#print.
“Murder of Frederick Fisher Recalled.” The Campbelltown News. 9/26/1930, p.8. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/262321149?searchTerm=Frederick%20Fisher.
“Murder or Suicide?” Daily Standard. 11/9/1931, p.5. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/178963977?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
Mythen, Samantha. “Ghost Stories of Lyttelton: From the Friendly Gardener to Spine-Chilling Encounters.” Otago Daily Times. 2/26/2021. https://www.odt.co.nz/lifestyle/ghost-stories-lyttelton-friendly-gardener-spine-chilling-encounters.
“New Zealand.” The Express and Telegraph. 4/21/1875, p.3. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/208189849?searchTerm=%22Isabella%20Thompson%22.
“New Zealand.” The Hampden Guardian and Western Province Advertiser. 5/18/1875, p.2. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/269395090?searchTerm=%22Isabella%20Thompson%22.
“New Zealand Murderer Executed This Morning.” Barrier Miner. 12/17/1931, p.1. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/46634357.
Nickell, Joe. “In Search of Fisher’s Ghost.” Skeptical Inquirer, May/June 2001, pp.20-21, 66. https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2001/05/22164829/p20.pdf.
“Original Poetry.” Hill’s Life in New South Wales. 9/21/1832, p.4. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/252650650?searchTerm=Sprite%20of%20the%20Creek.
“Princess Theatre.” Victorian Heritage Database. n.d. https://vhd.heritagecouncil.vic.gov.au/places/805.
“Sentence of Death.” The Toowoomba Chronicle and Darling Downs Gazette. 11/12/1931, p.6. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/254226011?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
“The Star Christchurch, New Zealand.” Ghgraham.org. n.d. http://ghgraham.org/text/isabellathompson_murder01.html.
Stewart, Nellie. My Life’s Story. Sydney: John Sands Ltd., 1923. https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-3434712138/view?partId=nla.obj-3434820385#page/n192/mode/1up/search/ghastly.
“Supreme Criminal Court.” The Sydney Gazette, and New South Wales Advertiser. 2/5/1827, pp.2-3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/987943312/?terms=Frederick%20Fisher.
“Symons Murder Case.” The Sydney Morning Herald. 8/14/1931, p. 9. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/16807429?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
“Unemployed Solve Murder Mystery.” Evening Express. 8/12/1931, p.1. https://www.newspapers.com/image/961941918/?match=1&terms=%22Phillis%20Symons%22.
“Unmoved By Murder Charge.” The Daily Telegraph. 7/17/1931, p.7. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/246707151?searchTerm=Phyllis%20Symons.
Wallbank, Mark. “The Lyttelton Ghost Girl.” Paranormal New Zealand. 7/9/2022. https://hauntedauckland.com/site/the-lyttelton-ghost-girl/.
“Who Killed Frederick Fisher.” The Evening News. 9/25/1925, p.8. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/201397100?searchTerm=Frederick%20Fisher.
“Why Worrall Went to the Gallows.” Morning Bulletin. 9/28/1925, p.5. https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/54312749?searchTerm=George%20Worrall.
“The Winton Child Murders.” Otago Daily Times. 9/3/1895, p.3. https://www.newspapers.com/image/890516359/?match=1&terms=Minnie%20Dean.
“The Winton Murder Case.” Temuka Leader, Issue 2825, 6/6/1895, p.4. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TEML18950606.2.22?query=minnie%20dean.
Sources from Lore 300
“3 Women And Girl Declared To Be Insane.” San Francisco Chronicle. March 5, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/27414734/
“Accused Wife Blames Ouija For Quarrel.” The Sacramento Star. June 14, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/606611057/
“Admits Affair With Neighbor, Wounds Wife.” The Hutchinson News. April 3, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/17152803/
“Aged Ouija Board Murderess Planning Insanity Defense.” Sunday News [New York, New York]. March 16, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/412836335/
“Answered A Call To Die.” The Boston Globe. May 18, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/428545826/
“Artist May Go On Stand Today.” Buffalo Evening News. March 24, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/837958252/
“Authorities Searching For Driver Of Death Automobile.” Daily Gazette-Martinez. December 26, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/image/745513975/
Barker, Ama. “A Primitive Woman Plots to Win Her Man.” Sunday News [New York, New York]. March 30, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/412836917/
“Beautiful Widow Convicted In Ouija Board Death Plot.” St. Louis Star-Times. June 11, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/205515725/
Berridge, Robert. “Ouija Does It.” The Saturday Evening Post. February 22, 2012. https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2012/02/ouija/
Blom, Jan Dirk, Iris E. C. Sommer, Sanne Koops, & Oliver W. Sacks. “Prosopometamorphopsia and facial hallucinations.” The Lancet 384(9958), November 29, 2014: p. 1998.
Blom, Jan Dirk, Bastiaan C. ter Meulen, Jitze Dool, & Dominic H. Ffytche. “A century of prosopometamorphopsia studies.” Cortex 139, June 2021: pp. 298-308.
Cassie, Ron. “Not Dead Yet.” Baltimore Magazine. October 2015. https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/the-dark-and-fascinating-history-of-the-ouija-board-baltimore-origins/
Cole, Dorian. “S-T-R-O-N-G: Investigating the History of the Ouija Board at The Strong Museum.” The Strong National Museum of Play. June 14, 2024. https://www.museumofplay.org/blog/s-t-r-o-n-g-investigating-the-history-of-the-ouija-board-at-the-strong-museum/
“Confession Told At Jimerson Trial.” The Detroit Free Press. February 24, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/image/97824341/
Cost, Ben. “28 girls hospitalized with ‘anxiety’ after playing with Ouija board.” New York Post. March 8, 2023. https://nypost.com/2023/03/07/28-girls-hospitalized-for-anxiety-after-ouija-board-game/
Cousino, Meghan Barrett. “Dorothea Turley.” The National Registry of Exonerations. [n.d.] https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetailpre1989.aspx?caseid=339
“Curse Given In Will Of Alleged Woman Slayer.” The Sacramento Bee. June 13, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/616973849/
“‘Death The Way Out.’” The Kansas City Star. April 5, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/657017325/
“Diary Introduced In Murder Trial Of Mrs. Murdock.” The Sacramento Bee. June 14, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/616974001/
“El Cerrito’s History.” The City of El Cerrito. [n.d.] https://www.el-cerrito.org/365/History
“El Cerrito Ouija Zealots Kept Woman Prisoner In Mystery House, Police Told.” Oakland Tribune. March 4, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/82586193/
“Experts Disagree On Defendant’s Sanity; Death Statement Introduced In Evidence.” Oroville Daily Register. June 16, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/610255886/
“Former Beauty Queen To Seek Freedom In Shooting Case.” Arizona Republic. December 15, 1933. https://www.newspapers.com/image/117082950/
“Former ‘Venus’ Pins Hope On State Supreme Court.” The Daily Gleaner [Fredricton, NB]. May 23, 1936. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1099950755/
“Four Held Insane In El Cerrito Ouija Case.” Richmond Independent. March 5, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035922538/
García, Laura Carvajal. “Video: Juego de La ouija envía al hospital a 36 estudiantes en Timbiquí, Cauca.” RED+. July 8, 2023. https://redmas.com.co/mas-viral/Video-Juego-de-La-ouija-envia-al-hospital-a-36-estudiantes-en-Timbiqui-Cauca-20230708-0002.html
Gibbs, Anna. “Here’s what distorted faces can look like to people with prosopometamorphopsia.” ScienceNews. March 21, 2024. https://www.sciencenews.org/article/distorted-faces-prosopometamorphopsia
“Girl Ouija Slayer Tells How Mother Incited Her to Kill.” The San Francisco Examiner. June 1, 1934. https://www.newspapers.com/image/458137353/
Gjebre, Bill. “Ouija riot baffles police.” The Miami News. October 26, 1979. https://www.newspapers.com/image/302498354/
“Halloween early at Miami school.” The Grand Island Sunday Independent. October 28, 1979. https://www.newspapers.com/image/989065008/
“Herbert Hurd Will Face A Murder Charge.” Bartlesville Enterprise. April 6, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/742539730/
“Highway Speeder Leaves Dying Girl.” Richmond Daily Independent. December 26, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035980138/
“How ‘Sassafras Charlie’s’ Ghost Hunt Led to Killing Of Artist’s Wife Near Buffalo.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. March 23, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/138651864/
“Hurd’s Foster Daughter May Face Charges.” Kansas City Journal-Post. April 5, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1024064826/
“Indicate Belief In Torture Tale Of Wife Slayer.” Chicago Daily Tribune. April 5, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/355188515/
“K.C. Man Who Killed His Wife Charges Daughter With Torture.” San Angelo Standard-Times. April 7, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/780450564/
LaMotte, Sandee. “‘It’s like staring at demons’: Meet a man who lives with a disturbing condition.” CNN. March 22, 2024. https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/22/health/demon-faces-prosopometamorphopsia-wellness
“Le vittime dell’ouija escono dall’ospedale.” La Voce Del Popolo [San Francisco, CA]. April 17, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/930317355/
“Leaves For Prison.” The Sacramento Bee. June 26, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/616975545/
“Leila Shouts Denial As Her Confession Is Read In Court By Police; Marchand Soon On Stand.” Buffalo Evening News. March 27, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/837962114/
Levins, Peter. “What Has Happened To Justice?” Sunday News [New York, New York]. September 27, 1931. https://www.newspapers.com/image/414662233/
“Man Shot By Daughter Tells Story Here Of Alleged Crime Motive.” Arizona Republic. December 22, 1933. https://www.newspapers.com/image/117085470/
“‘Manslaughter’ Is Verdict Given In Ouija Murder.” The Long Beach Telegram. June 17, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/608633069/
“Mattie Turley Suit Is Filed.” Arizona Republic. April 19, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/116874576/
“Mattie Turley Wins Freedom.” The Arizona Daily Star. December 1, 1936. https://www.newspapers.com/image/169417043/
“May Pass Law Upon Ouija Board Mania.” Pasadena Star-News. March 13, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1170598403/
McCart, Maggie, as told to Luke Winkie. “I See Demon Faces Everywhere.” Slate. May 11, 2024. https://slate.com/life/2024/05/demon-face-syndrome-what-is-prosopometamorphopsia-rare-disease.html
“Mrs. Murdock Is Given Parole From Prison.” Oroville Daily Register. October 6, 1925. https://www.newspapers.com/image/610687791/
Murch, Robert. “Customer Letters.” WilliamFuld.com. [n.d.] https://www.williamfuld.com/ouija_letters.html
Murch, Robert. “Detailed History of William Fuld and the Ouija Board.” WilliamFuld.com. [n.d.] https://www.williamfuld.com/ouija1.html
Murch, Robert. “Factories.” WilliamFuld.com. [n.d.] https://www.williamfuld.com/ouija_factories_kennard.html
Murch, Robert. “Fuld Family Feud.” WilliamFuld.com. [n.d.] https://www.williamfuld.com/familytree_fuldfeud.html
Murch, Robert. “William Fuld.” WilliamFuld.com. [n.d.] https://www.williamfuld.com/biography.html
“A Murderer’s Soul Comes Back To Earth.” The Leavenworth Times. February 3, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/76611810/
“Murderer’s Spirit In His Body.” The Record [Brockwayville, PA]. https://www.newspapers.com/image/346610232/
“The Ouija Again Spelled Death!” The Minneapolis Sunday Tribune. September 29, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/183120160/
“Ouija Board Branded as Public Menace By Doctors and Clergy.” Richmond Independent. March 5, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035922538/
“Ouija Board Consulted In Slaying Mate.” The San Bernardino Daily Sun. June 14, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/49479792/
“Ouija Board Drives Four Women Insane.” The Buffalo Sunday Times. March 14, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/441073791/
“Ouija Board Drives Two More Insane.” San Francisco Chronicle. March 6, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/27415566/
“Ouija Board, Ella Wheeler Wilcox’s Life Guide, Made In Baltimore.” The Evening Sun [Baltimore, MD]. November 4, 1919. https://www.newspapers.com/image/368048971/
“Ouija Board Figures In Murder Trial.” Vallejo Times-Herald. June 14, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035067900/
“Ouija Board Maker Killed.” The Evening Journal [Wilmington, DE]. February 25, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/160190008/
“Ouija Board Nuts Are Jailed.” Richmond News. March 4, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1175790099/
“Ouija Board Victims Freed From Asylum.” San Francisco Examiner. April 16, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457753930/
“The Ouija Incident - When El Cerrito Went Insane - By Chris Sterba.” YouTube, uploaded by El Cerrito Historical Society. February 13, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tH2pn2A_btA
“Ouija To Be Banned From Sacramento.” The San Francisco Examiner. March 9, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/457597061/
Peril, Lynn. “Planet of Peril (7).” HiLoBrow. August 25, 2016. https://www.hilobrow.com/2016/08/25/planet-of-peril-7/
“Question Sanity Of Seven.” Richmond Daily Independent. March 4, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1035922210/
“Rothe Hurls Bombshell At Prison Board.” Oroville Daily Register. October 7, 1925. https://www.newspapers.com/image/610687815/
“Sarah E. Griffin.” Find a Grave. [n.d.] https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/204364437/sarah-e-griffin
“‘The Scandal of the Century’ — The Murder of Clothilde Marchand.” Forest Lawn. March 9, 2019. https://forest-lawn.com/blog/2019/03/09/the-scandal-of-the-century-the-murder-of-clothilde-marchand/
Schmidt, Nicole. “Demon Face Syndrome (Prosopometamorphopsia).” WebMD. November 25, 2024. https://www.webmd.com/brain/prosopometamorphopsia
Schneck, Robert Damon. Mrs. Wakeman Vs. the Antichrist: And Other Strange-But-True Tales From American History (Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin, 2014).
Sommer, Mark. “Murder, Adultery, Witchcraft!” The Buffalo News. April 25, 2010. https://www.newspapers.com/image/878669896/
“Spiritualist Leader Commits Suicide.” The Scranton Times. May 18, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/534523750/
“Squaw Tells of Slaying Artist’s Wife After Admission of Witchery.” The Roanoke Times. March 27, 1930. https://www.newspapers.com/image/911999516/
Tunnell, Julie. “City of El Cerrito Contra Costa County Census Data: 1920-2020.” Metropolitan Transportation Commission. December 2021. https://files.mtc.ca.gov/library/pub/48117_Place_ElCerritoCity.pdf
“Turley v. State of Arizona.” Arizona Supreme Court. June 29, 1936. https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3253144/turley-v-state-of-arizona/
“Vicar Calms Ouija Board Hysteria.” Evening Leader [Wrexham, Wales]. November 30, 1990. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1191654045/
“When El Cerrito Went ‘Insane’: The Ouija-Mania Incident of 1920.” El Cerrito Historical Society. [n.d.] https://www.elcerritohistoricalsociety.org/ouija-mania
“Whole Town Crazy.” Abilene Weekly Chronicle. March 10, 1920. https://www.newspapers.com/image/384190088/
“Wm. Fuld Is Killed In Fall From Roof.” The Sun [Baltimore, MD]. February 25, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/373303453/
“Woman Accused Of ‘Torturing’ Mate Dies Today.” Carthage Evening Press. April 4, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/1003456118/
“Woman Held As Murderess To Face Trial.” Oroville Daily Register. May 3, 1923. https://www.newspapers.com/image/610253309/
“The Worm Turned At Last.” Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph. May 26, 1935. https://www.newspapers.com/image/524147787/
Sources from Legends 73
Krappe, Alexander H. “The Lunar Frog.” Folklore 51, no. 3 (1940): 161–71. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1256685.
Sillitoe, Paul, and Mahbub Alam. “Fornicating Frogs: Local Knowledge of Climate Change in Bangladesh?” In The Anthroposcene of Weather and Climate: Ethnographic Contributions to the Climate Change Debate, edited by Paul Sillitoe, 87–123. Berghahn Books, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv29sfz69.9.
“Assam: Locals Resort to Age-Old Tradition of Frog Wedding to Please Rain Gods.” Organiser, 19 Mar. 2024, organiser.org/2024/03/19/228093/bharat/assam-locals-resort-to-age-old-tradition-of-frog-wedding-to-please-rain-gods/. Accessed 12 June 2025.
https://www.newspapers.com/article/alexandria-gazette-burning-bride-of-alex/137350788/
https://boundarystones.weta.org/2018/10/22/phantoms-north-fairfax-street
https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/haunted-candy-shops-perfect-for-the-holiday/1881991/
https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/3-of-alexandrias-spookiest-ghost-stories/30408/
“The Haunting of Galveston Island.” Valley Morning Star. October 31, 2016, Mon Page 24 https://www.newspapers.com/image/286687534/?terms=%22hotel%20galvez%22%20audra&match=1
“Our Grand History.” Grand Galvez Hotel. https://grandgalvez.com/history/
Maca, Kathleen. A History of the Hotel Galvez. Charleston: The History Press, 2021. Accessed on Google Books. https://www.google.com/books/edition/History_of_the_Hotel_Galvez_A/99AHEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover
“Hotel Galveston.” Wikipedia. Last edited April 22, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Galvez
“Haunted Facts About Grand Galvez.” Grand Galvez Hotel. https://grandgalvez.com/ghost-tours/#popup-ghost
“Farmer Loses Round in ‘Ghost Bride’ Suit.” Wilkes-Barre Times Leader. November 8, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/395393634/?terms=%22ghost%20bride%22&match=1
“Farmer Tells of His Ghost Bride.” The Boston Globe. November 4, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/430580380/?terms=%22ghost%20bride%22&match=1
“Married A Spook – Now Sues the Medium Matchmaker.” The San Francisco Examiner. July 10, 1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/458157827/?terms=%22ghost%20bride%22&match=1